RNA Structure and Function: Interactive Learning Quizzes for Medical Students

Question 1

Which type of RNA is not directly involved in the process of protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Small nuclear RNA (snRNA)

Answer

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Answer

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Answer

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a function of transfer RNA (tRNA)?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds

Answer

Transfers amino acids to the ribosome

Answer

Acts as an adapter molecule between mRNA and amino acids

Answer

Recognizes the codon on mRNA

Question 3

Which type of RNA is responsible for carrying the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome?

Accepted Answer

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Answer

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Answer

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Answer

Small nuclear RNA (snRNA)

Question 4

What is the primary structure of RNA?

Accepted Answer

Single-stranded polymer of nucleotides

Answer

Double-stranded polymer of nucleotides

Answer

Branched polymer of nucleotides

Answer

Circular polymer of nucleotides

Question 5

Which of the following is a characteristic of rRNA?

Accepted Answer

Forms the structural framework of ribosomes

Answer

Catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds

Answer

Binds to specific sequences on mRNA

Answer

Transfers amino acids to the ribosome

Question 6

What is the process by which RNA molecules are synthesized?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Answer

Replication

Answer

Translation

Answer

Recombination

Question 7

Which enzyme is responsible for catalyzing the formation of mRNA during transcription?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase

Answer

Primase

Answer

Helicase

Answer

DNA polymerase

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of microRNAs (miRNAs)?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of gene expression

Answer

Transcriptional activation

Answer

Translation initiation

Answer

Ribosomal assembly

Question 9

In protein synthesis, what is the main role of mRNA?

Accepted Answer

mRNA carries the genetic code from the nucleus to the ribosome.

Answer

tRNA carries amino acids to the ribosome.

Answer

rRNA forms the structure of ribosomes.

Answer

mRNA is directly translated into a chain of amino acids.

Question 10

Which structural feature of tRNA specifically interacts with and recognizes complementary codons on mRNA during protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Anticodon loop

Answer

D-loop

Answer

TΨC loop

Answer

Variable loop

Question 11

Which enzyme is primarily responsible for synthesizing RNA molecules?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase

Answer

DNA polymerase

Answer

Reverse transcriptase

Answer

Helicase

Question 12

What is the primary function of the 5' cap present on eukaryotic mRNA?

Accepted Answer

Protects mRNA from degradation and enhances translation

Answer

Initiates the process of transcription

Answer

Signals for polyadenylation of the mRNA

Answer

Provides a binding site for ribosomes to begin translation

Question 13

Which experimental technique is commonly used to determine the sequence of RNA molecules?

Accepted Answer

RNA sequencing

Answer

DNA sequencing

Answer

Microarray analysis

Answer

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a type of RNA found in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

DNA

Answer

mRNA

Answer

tRNA

Answer

rRNA

Question 15

Which of the following structures is characteristic of tRNA?

Accepted Answer

Cloverleaf model

Answer

Double helix

Answer

Linear chain

Answer

Rod-like shape

Question 16

What is the primary function of mRNA?

Accepted Answer

Carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome

Answer

Transfers amino acids to the ribosome

Answer

Catalyzes peptide bond formation

Answer

Facilitates RNA splicing

Question 17

Which of the following is a key feature of rRNA?

Accepted Answer

Has a ribosome-binding site

Answer

Contains codons

Answer

Recognizes and binds to tRNA

Answer

Is composed of multiple subunits

Question 18

What is the process by which RNA is synthesized?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Answer

Replication

Answer

Translation

Answer

Reverse transcription

Question 19

Which of the following enzymes is responsible for attaching amino acids to their corresponding tRNA molecules?

Accepted Answer

Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase

Answer

RNA polymerase

Answer

DNA polymerase

Answer

Ribonuclease

Question 20

What is the role of the ribosome in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Provides a scaffold for tRNA binding and facilitates peptide bond formation

Answer

Synthesizes RNA

Answer

Stores genetic information

Answer

Catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds

Question 21

Which of the following is a modified nucleoside commonly found in tRNA?

Accepted Answer

Inosine

Answer

Adenine

Answer

Guanine

Answer

Cytosine

Question 22

What is the key difference between a codon and an anticodon?

Accepted Answer

Codons encode amino acids, while anticodons recognize codons

Answer

Codons are found on tRNA, while anticodons are found on mRNA

Answer

Codons are composed of three nucleotides, while anticodons are composed of four nucleotides

Answer

Codons are present in genes, while anticodons are found in the ribosome