Translation: The Process of Protein Synthesis - Interactive Learning Quizzes

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a chemical modification that can occur to proteins after they are synthesized?

Accepted Answer

Translocation

Answer

Phosphorylation

Answer

Glycosylation

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a function of tRNA?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzing peptide bond formation

Answer

Carrying amino acids to the ribosome

Answer

Initiating translation

Answer

Decoding the genetic code

Question 3

Which step of translation involves the recognition of the mRNA sequence by the ribosome?

Accepted Answer

Initiation

Answer

Elongation

Answer

Termination

Answer

Splicing

Question 4

Which of the following steps is NOT part of the elongation cycle of translation?

Accepted Answer

Codon recognition

Answer

Binding of tRNA to the A site

Answer

Peptide bond formation

Answer

Translocation of the ribosome

Question 5

The wobble position in tRNA allows for which key feature?

Accepted Answer

Recognition of multiple codons by a single tRNA

Answer

Pairing with non-complementary bases in the mRNA

Answer

Modification of the amino acid attached to the tRNA

Answer

Stabilization of the tRNA-mRNA complex

Question 6

The process of attaching an amino acid to its cognate tRNA molecule is known as:

Accepted Answer

Aminoacylation

Answer

Transcription

Answer

Translation

Answer

Splicing

Question 7

During translation initiation, the first codon recognized by the ribosome is:

Accepted Answer

AUG

Answer

UAG

Answer

GUG

Answer

CUG

Question 8

Which of the following is not considered a type of post-translational modification?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Answer

Phosphorylation

Answer

Glycosylation

Answer

Methylation

Question 9

As the ribosome moves along the mRNA during translation, the direction of movement is:

Accepted Answer

5' to 3'

Answer

3' to 5'

Answer

Left to right

Answer

Right to left

Question 10

Which codon initiates protein synthesis in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

AUG

Answer

UAG

Answer

UGA

Answer

UAA

Question 11

What is the primary function of tRNA in the translation process?

Accepted Answer

To transport specific amino acids to the ribosome

Answer

To bind to complementary mRNA codons

Answer

To catalyze the formation of peptide bonds

Answer

To terminate protein synthesis

Question 12

Indicate the overall structure of the eukaryotic ribosome.

Accepted Answer

80S

Answer

70S

Answer

60S

Answer

50S

Question 13

What is the function of the termination codon in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Signals the end of protein synthesis

Answer

Binds to the ribosome and releases the newly synthesized protein

Answer

Initiates the translation process

Answer

Elongates the polypeptide chain

Question 14

Which enzyme is responsible for catalyzing the formation of peptide bonds during translation?

Accepted Answer

Peptidyl transferase

Answer

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase

Answer

RNA polymerase

Answer

Helicase

Question 15

Which component of the ribosome is the smallest and binds to the 5' end of mRNA?

Accepted Answer

30S

Answer

70S

Answer

90S

Answer

50S

Question 16

What is the name of the set of rules that determines the sequence of amino acids in a protein based on the sequence of nucleotides in mRNA?

Accepted Answer

Genetic code

Answer

Protein code

Answer

Transcription code

Answer

Translation code

Question 17

Which codon is responsible for initiating protein synthesis in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

AUG

Answer

UAG

Answer

UAA

Answer

UGA

Question 18

Which of the following factors is NOT involved in the initiation stage of translation?

Accepted Answer

EF-Tu

Answer

IF-3

Answer

Met-tRNA

Answer

IF-2

Question 19

Which amino acid is specified by the codon CUU?

Accepted Answer

Leucine

Answer

Alanine

Answer

Serine

Answer

Proline

Question 20

Which elongation factor is responsible for bringing the correct tRNA to the ribosome?

Accepted Answer

EF-Tu

Answer

EF-G

Answer

IF-2

Answer

IF-3

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT a common type of post-translational modification?

Accepted Answer

RNA splicing

Answer

Glycosylation

Answer

Ubiquitination

Answer

Phosphorylation

Question 22

Which of the following is NOT a component of a ribosome?

Accepted Answer

DNA

Answer

rRNA

Answer

Protein

Answer

tRNA

Question 23

What is the anticodon on a tRNA molecule?

Accepted Answer

A sequence of three nucleotides that is complementary to the codon on mRNA

Answer

A sequence of nucleotides that is not related to the codon on mRNA

Answer

A sequence of nucleotides that is the reverse complement of the codon on mRNA

Answer

A sequence of nucleotides that matches the codon on mRNA

Question 24

Which of the following codons signals the termination of protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

UAA

Answer

UAC

Answer

AUG

Answer

GAA

Question 25

What is the primary role of the ribosome in translation?

Accepted Answer

To catalyze peptide bond formation and facilitate tRNA movement

Answer

To synthesize mRNA from DNA

Answer

To proofread the amino acid sequence in a protein

Question 26

Which of the following is a characteristic of the genetic code?

Accepted Answer

Degeneracy: multiple codons can code for the same amino acid.

Answer

Ambiguity: a single codon can code for multiple amino acids.

Answer

Overlapping: a single nucleotide can be part of multiple codons.

Question 27

What is the process by which mRNA is synthesized from DNA?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Answer

Translation

Answer

Processing

Answer

Replication

Question 28

Which of the following is a type of post-translational modification?

Accepted Answer

Phosphorylation

Answer

Translation

Answer

Transcription

Answer

Splicing

Question 29

What is the role of chaperone proteins in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

To assist in the folding and assembly of proteins

Answer

To transport proteins to their final destination

Answer

To proofread the sequence of amino acids in a protein

Question 30

Which of the following is a difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic ribosomes are smaller and have a different structure than eukaryotic ribosomes.

Answer

Prokaryotic ribosomes are only found in bacteria, while eukaryotic ribosomes are found in all cells.

Answer

Prokaryotic ribosomes are more efficient than eukaryotic ribosomes.

Question 31

What is the role of the Shine-Dalgarno sequence in bacterial translation?

Accepted Answer

To help the ribosome bind to the mRNA molecule

Answer

To encode the start codon for protein synthesis

Answer

To regulate the rate of protein synthesis

Answer

To signal the termination of protein synthesis