Introduction to Neurology: A Comprehensive Guide for Medical Students

Question 1

Which of the following is **not** a subspecialty within the field of neurology?

Accepted Answer

Cardiology

Answer

Neuroanatomy

Answer

Neurophysiology

Answer

Neurosurgery

Question 2

Aphasia is a neurological disorder that primarily affects which cognitive domain?

Accepted Answer

Language comprehension and production

Answer

Motor function

Answer

Sensory perception

Answer

Cognition

Question 3

Which neurotransmitter is considered the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Glutamate

Answer

GABA

Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Serotonin

Question 4

Phrenology, a 19th-century theory, suggested that:

Accepted Answer

The shape of the skull reveals character traits

Answer

The mind is localized in specific brain regions

Answer

Neurological disorders arise from imbalances in bodily fluids

Answer

Electrical currents in the brain control behaviour

Question 5

Tremors are a primary symptom of which neurological disorder?

Accepted Answer

Parkinson's disease

Answer

Seizures

Answer

Paralysis

Answer

Speech difficulties

Question 6

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) utilizes what technology to generate images of the brain?

Accepted Answer

Magnetic fields and radio waves

Answer

Radioactive tracers

Answer

X-rays

Answer

Ultrasound

Question 7

The primary function of the blood-brain barrier is to:

Accepted Answer

Protect the brain from harmful substances

Answer

Allow essential nutrients to enter the brain

Answer

Control blood flow to the brain

Answer

Transmit electrical signals

Question 8

Which lobe of the brain is primarily responsible for processing visual information?

Accepted Answer

Occipital lobe

Answer

Frontal lobe

Answer

Temporal lobe

Answer

Parietal lobe

Question 9

Neurogenesis refers to the process of:

Accepted Answer

Formation of new neurons

Answer

Degeneration of neurons

Answer

Synaptic plasticity

Answer

Neurotransmitter release

Question 10

The functional unit of the nervous system is the:

Accepted Answer

Neuron

Answer

Synapse

Answer

Glial cell

Answer

Nerve fiber

Question 11

What is the name of the condition characterized by progressive loss of memory and cognitive function?

Accepted Answer

Alzheimer's disease

Answer

Parkinson's disease

Answer

Multiple sclerosis

Answer

Stroke

Question 12

Which neurotransmitter is primarily responsible for signal transmission at the neuromuscular junction?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Norepinephrine

Question 13

A patient presents with sudden onset of weakness and numbness on one side of the body. Which of the following neurological conditions is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Stroke

Answer

Multiple Sclerosis

Answer

Parkinson's disease

Answer

Alzheimer's disease

Question 14

Which part of the neuron receives signals from other neurons?

Accepted Answer

Dendrite

Answer

Axon

Answer

Cell body

Answer

Synapse

Question 15

Which of the following is a characteristic symptom of Guillain-Barré syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Progressive weakness

Answer

Tingling sensations

Answer

Blurred vision

Answer

Headache

Question 16

What is the name of the outermost protective layer surrounding the brain and spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

Dura mater

Answer

Arachnoid mater

Answer

Pia mater

Answer

Subarachnoid space

Question 17

Who is widely recognized as the father of modern neurology?

Accepted Answer

Herophilus

Answer

Galen

Answer

Hippocrates

Answer

Andreas Vesalius

Question 18

Which division of the nervous system is responsible for conscious thought, voluntary movement, and higher-level cognitive functions?

Accepted Answer

Central nervous system

Answer

Peripheral nervous system

Answer

Autonomic nervous system

Answer

Endocrine system

Question 19

Which neurotransmitter is primarily responsible for facilitating signal transmission across the neuromuscular junction?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Serotonin

Question 20

Which of the following symptoms is not typically associated with a stroke?

Accepted Answer

Loss of hearing

Answer

Weakness or numbness on one side of the body

Answer

Difficulty speaking or understanding speech

Answer

Sudden onset of severe headache

Question 21

Which imaging technique is most commonly used to diagnose and monitor the progression of multiple sclerosis?

Accepted Answer

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Answer

X-ray

Answer

Electroencephalography (EEG)

Answer

Electromyography (EMG)

Question 22

Which drug is frequently used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease?

Accepted Answer

Levodopa

Answer

Amantadine

Answer

Valproic acid

Answer

Lithium

Question 23

What is the term used to describe the loss of sensation on one side of the body?

Accepted Answer

Hemianesthesia

Answer

Hemiplegia

Answer

Hemiparesis

Answer

Hemianoxia