Cellular Pathology Quizzes: Master the Basics of Cell Injury, Inflammation, and Neoplasia

Question 1

The process of programmed cell death is known as:

Accepted Answer

Apoptosis

Answer

Necrosis

Answer

Autolysis

Answer

Karyolysis

Question 2

Which of the following is a **not** a characteristic of neoplastic cells?

Accepted Answer

Normal cell cycle regulation

Answer

Uncontrolled proliferation

Answer

Loss of differentiation

Answer

Invasion of surrounding tissues

Question 3

Which of the following is a type of benign tumor?

Accepted Answer

Leiomyoma

Answer

Sarcoma

Answer

Glioma

Answer

Melanoma

Question 4

Which of the following options is NOT a type of cell adaptation?

Accepted Answer

Neoplasia

Answer

Atrophy

Answer

Hypertrophy

Answer

Hyperplasia

Question 5

Irreversible cell injury ultimately leads to:

Accepted Answer

Necrosis

Answer

Apoptosis

Answer

Degeneration

Answer

Inflammation

Question 6

The classic signs of inflammation include:

Accepted Answer

Redness, swelling, heat, pain, loss of function

Answer

Redness, swelling, heat, pain, thirst

Answer

Swelling, heat, pain, loss of function, thirst

Answer

Redness, heat, pain, thirst, fatigue

Question 7

The grading of a tumor primarily refers to its:

Accepted Answer

Level of differentiation

Answer

Size

Answer

Stage

Answer

Presence of metastasis

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of a benign tumor type?

Accepted Answer

Papilloma

Answer

Carcinoma

Answer

Sarcoma

Answer

Melanoma

Question 9

The spread of cancer cells from their original site to other parts of the body is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Metastasis

Answer

Infiltration

Answer

Angiogenesis

Answer

Embolism

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT considered a type of physiological cell adaptation?

Accepted Answer

Apoptosis

Answer

Atrophy

Answer

Hypertrophy

Answer

Metaplasia

Question 11

Which type of cell death is characterized by condensation of cytoplasm, nuclear fragmentation, and apoptotic bodies?

Accepted Answer

Apoptosis

Answer

Necrosis

Answer

Autolysis

Answer

Oncosis

Question 12

Which immune cell is primarily responsible for phagocytosis of pathogens during the inflammatory response?

Accepted Answer

Macrophages

Answer

Neutrophils

Answer

Eosinophils

Answer

Basophils

Question 13

In the context of cancer treatment, explain how tumor heterogeneity within the tumor microenvironment affects treatment strategies.

Accepted Answer

Tumor heterogeneity results in varying responses to therapy.

Answer

The tumor microenvironment plays no role in metastasis.

Answer

Tumor heterogeneity is uncommon in cancer.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a recognized type of cell adaptation?

Accepted Answer

Apoptosis

Answer

Atrophy

Answer

Hypertrophy

Answer

Metaplasia

Question 15

What is the term for the reversible increase in cell size in response to increased functional demands?

Accepted Answer

Hypertrophy

Answer

Hyperplasia

Answer

Atrophy

Answer

Metaplasia

Question 16

Which of the following is a kind of cell injury characterized by cytoplasmic swelling and loss of function?

Accepted Answer

Hydropic change

Answer

Necrosis

Answer

Apoptosis

Answer

Irreversible cell injury

Question 17

What is the main biochemical pathway involved in apoptosis?

Accepted Answer

Intrinsic apoptotic pathway

Answer

Extrinsic apoptotic pathway

Answer

Necrosis

Answer

Autophagy

Question 18

Which of the following is a morphological feature of neutrophils?

Accepted Answer

Multi-lobed nucleus

Answer

Small lymphocytes

Answer

Eosinophilic granules

Answer

Basophilic granules

Question 19

What is the primary role of macrophages in inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis of pathogens and debris

Answer

Release of inflammatory mediators

Answer

Recruitment of other immune cells

Answer

Tissue repair

Question 20

Which type of tissue repair leads to the formation of scar tissue?

Accepted Answer

Fibrosis

Answer

Regeneration

Answer

Hyperplasia

Answer

Metaplasia

Question 21

What is the term for the uncontrolled proliferation of cells?

Accepted Answer

Neoplasia

Answer

Carcinoma

Answer

Sarcoma

Answer

Leukemia

Question 22

Which type of tumor is composed of cells that do not invade surrounding tissues?

Accepted Answer

Benign tumor

Answer

Malignant tumor

Answer

Carcinoma

Answer

Sarcoma