Endocrine Pathology Quizzes: Test Your Knowledge

Question 1

What is the primary cause of type 2 diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Increased insulin resistance

Answer

Deficiency of insulin secretion

Answer

Destruction of beta cells

Answer

Autoimmune thyroiditis

Question 2

Which type of thyroid cancer is the most prevalent?

Accepted Answer

Papillary carcinoma

Answer

Follicular carcinoma

Answer

Medullary carcinoma

Answer

Anaplastic carcinoma

Question 3

Which symptom is not associated with acromegaly?

Accepted Answer

Frequent urination

Answer

Enlargement of hands and feet

Answer

Prognathism

Answer

Proximal muscle weakness

Question 4

Which hormone regulates blood sugar levels?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Somatotropin

Answer

Thyroid hormone

Question 5

What is the characteristic histological feature of Hashimoto's thyroiditis?

Accepted Answer

Lymphocytic infiltration

Answer

Follicular atrophy

Answer

Hurthle cell metaplasia

Answer

Papillary infolding

Question 6

Which hormone stimulates thyroid gland growth?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Answer

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)

Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Question 7

Which pituitary hormone directly stimulates the adrenal glands to produce cortisol?

Accepted Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone

Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone

Question 8

Which genetic mutation is strongly linked to an increased risk of developing type 1 diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQB1

Answer

Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)

Answer

Thalassemia

Answer

Retinoblastoma (RB1)

Question 9

Which of the following is the most prevalent cause of Cushing's syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Pituitary adenoma

Answer

Adrenal adenoma

Answer

Ectopic ACTH secretion

Answer

Primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease

Question 10

What is the hallmark histological feature of Graves' disease?

Accepted Answer

Lymphocytic infiltration of thyroid follicles

Answer

Follicular hyperplasia

Answer

Amyloid deposition

Answer

Granulomatous inflammation

Question 11

What is primarily responsible for regulating calcium homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone

Answer

Calcitonin

Answer

Vitamin D

Answer

Calcitriol

Question 12

What is the characteristic histological feature of Hashimoto's thyroiditis?

Accepted Answer

Lymphocytic infiltration of thyroid follicles

Answer

Follicular hyperplasia

Answer

Amyloid deposition

Answer

Granulomatous inflammation

Question 13

What is the most prevalent type of pancreatic islet cell tumor?

Accepted Answer

Insulinoma

Answer

Glucagonoma

Answer

Somatostatinoma

Answer

Gastrinoma

Question 14

Which pituitary hormone is primarily responsible for promoting linear growth during childhood?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

Prolactin

Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Question 15

In the evaluation of thyroid nodules, which imaging technique is commonly employed?

Accepted Answer

Ultrasound

Answer

CT scan

Answer

MRI scan

Question 16

What is the hallmark microscopic finding in Graves' disease?

Accepted Answer

Diffuse thyroid enlargement with lymphocytic infiltration

Answer

Follicular hyperplasia and colloid goiter

Answer

Solitary thyroid nodule with capsular invasion

Answer

Thyroid atrophy with fibrosis and calcification

Question 17

Which clinical manifestation is most commonly associated with hyperthyroidism?

Accepted Answer

Weight loss

Answer

Weight gain

Answer

Constipation

Answer

Drowsiness

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a typical clinical manifestation of Cushing's syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Hypoglycemia

Answer

Moon face

Answer

Central obesity

Answer

Hypertension

Question 19

Which pathological finding is characteristic of Graves' disease?

Accepted Answer

Lymphocytic infiltration of the thyroid gland

Answer

Thyroid follicular atrophy

Answer

Amyloid deposits within the thyroid gland

Answer

Thyroid gland calcification

Question 20

Which feature is typically NOT associated with endocrine neoplasia, unlike sporadic endocrine tumors?

Accepted Answer

Late age of onset

Answer

Multiple endocrine tumors

Answer

Increased hormone production

Answer

Genetic predisposition

Question 21

A 45-year-old woman presents with fatigue, weight gain, and cold intolerance. Her thyroid function tests reveal low levels of T4 and T3, and elevated TSH. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Hypothyroidism

Answer

Cushing's syndrome

Answer

Hyperthyroidism

Answer

Diabetes mellitus

Question 22

A 30-year-old male patient presents with polyuria, polydipsia, and unexplained weight loss. His blood glucose level is significantly elevated. What is the most likely underlying pathological process?

Accepted Answer

Beta cell destruction leading to insulin deficiency

Answer

Excess glucagon production

Answer

Increased insulin sensitivity

Question 23

A 25-year-old woman presents with hirsutism, acne, and irregular menstrual cycles. Her physical examination reveals a buffalo hump and abdominal striae. What is the most likely underlying endocrine disorder?

Accepted Answer

Cushing's syndrome

Answer

Hypothyroidism

Answer

Acromegaly

Answer

Addison's disease

Question 24

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic feature of Grave's disease?

Accepted Answer

Hypothyroidism

Answer

Exophthalmos

Answer

Hyperthyroidism

Answer

Goiter

Question 25

A 50-year-old man presents with fatigue, weakness, and low blood pressure. His blood tests reveal hyponatremia and hyperkalemia. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Addison's disease

Answer

Cushing's syndrome

Answer

Hyperthyroidism

Question 26

A 40-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes mellitus presents with a new onset of blurred vision. What is the most likely underlying complication?

Accepted Answer

Diabetic retinopathy

Answer

Diabetic nephropathy

Answer

Hypoglycemia

Answer

Diabetic neuropathy

Question 27

Which of the following is a hallmark of diabetic ketoacidosis?

Accepted Answer

Hyperglycemia

Answer

Hypokalemia

Answer

Hypoglycemia

Question 28

A 60-year-old man presents with excessive sweating, palpitations, and weight loss. His thyroid function tests reveal elevated levels of T4 and T3, and suppressed TSH. What is the most likely cause of his hyperthyroidism?

Accepted Answer

Grave's disease

Answer

Subacute thyroiditis

Answer

Hashimoto's thyroiditis

Answer

Thyroid cancer

Question 29

A 20-year-old female patient presents with amenorrhea, galactorrhea, and headaches. Her MRI scan reveals a pituitary adenoma. What is the most likely hormone being secreted by the adenoma?

Accepted Answer

Prolactin

Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

ACTH

Answer

TSH

Question 30

A 55-year-old man presents with enlarged hands, feet, and jaw. He reports excessive sweating and snoring. What is the most likely endocrine disorder?

Accepted Answer

Acromegaly

Answer

Diabetes mellitus

Answer

Hypothyroidism

Answer

Cushing's syndrome