Adrenal and Gonadal Hormones: Interactive Quizzes for Physiology Students

Question 1

Which hormone stimulates the release of cortisol from the adrenal cortex?

Accepted Answer

ACTH

Answer

CRH

Answer

TRH

Answer

GnRH

Question 2

Which zone of the adrenal cortex produces glucocorticoids?

Accepted Answer

Zona fasciculata

Answer

Zona glomerulosa

Answer

Zona reticularis

Answer

Zona medullaris

Question 3

Which hormone is essential for the development of female secondary sexual characteristics?

Accepted Answer

Estradiol

Answer

Progesterone

Answer

Testosterone

Answer

LH

Question 4

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is primarily responsible for:

Accepted Answer

Stimulating follicle growth in females

Answer

Stimulating sperm production in males

Answer

Inducing ovulation

Answer

Maintaining the corpus luteum

Question 5

Adrenal insufficiency is characterized by:

Accepted Answer

Deficiency of both glucocorticoids and mineralcorticoids

Answer

Deficiency of glucocorticoids only

Answer

Deficiency of mineralcorticoids only

Answer

Excess production of glucocorticoids

Question 6

Which condition is NOT associated with Cushing's syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Addison's disease

Answer

Long-term use of glucocorticoids

Answer

Pituitary adenoma secreting ACTH

Answer

Ectopic ACTH production

Question 7

Which hormone stimulates the synthesis and release of testosterone from the testes?

Accepted Answer

LH

Answer

Testosterone

Answer

FSH

Answer

Growth hormone

Question 8

Which endocrine disorder is commonly characterized by oligomenorrhea, hyperandrogenism, and insulin resistance?

Accepted Answer

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

Answer

Menopause

Answer

Cushing's syndrome

Answer

Turner syndrome

Question 9

Cushing's syndrome and Addison's disease are clinical conditions caused by abnormal adrenal hormone secretion. Which of the following describes the underlying pathophysiology of these conditions?

Accepted Answer

Cushing's syndrome: increased glucocorticoid secretion; Addison's disease: decreased glucocorticoid secretion

Answer

Cushing's syndrome: increased mineralocorticoid secretion; Addison's disease: decreased mineralocorticoid secretion

Answer

Cushing's syndrome: decreased glucocorticoid secretion; Addison's disease: increased glucocorticoid secretion

Question 10

Which hormone, primarily secreted by the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex, plays a crucial role in regulating electrolyte and fluid balance in the body?

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone

Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Dehydroepiandrosterone

Question 11

The synthesis of all steroid hormones, including those produced by the adrenal and gonadal glands, primarily relies on which precursor molecule?

Accepted Answer

Cholesterol

Answer

Glucose

Answer

Amino acids

Answer

Phospholipids

Question 12

Which hormone is essential for triggering ovulation?

Accepted Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Answer

Progesterone

Answer

Estrogen

Question 13

Within the adrenal cortex, which zone is responsible for secreting cortisol, the primary hormone involved in the stress response?

Accepted Answer

Zona fasciculata

Answer

Zona glomerulosa

Answer

Zona reticularis

Answer

Zona medullaris

Question 14

During pregnancy, the hormone secreted by the corpus luteum that is essential for maintaining the uterine lining is:

Accepted Answer

Progesterone

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Inhibin

Answer

Relaxin

Question 15

The hormone chiefly responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics in males is:

Accepted Answer

Testosterone

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Progesterone

Answer

FSH

Question 16

Which hormone is primarily secreted by the zona reticularis of the adrenal cortex?

Accepted Answer

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)

Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Aldosterone

Answer

Epinephrine

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a function of the adrenal cortex?

Accepted Answer

Estrogen production

Answer

Glucocorticoid production

Answer

Mineralocorticoid production

Answer

Synthesis of steroid hormones

Question 18

What is the primary hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla in response to stress?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Norepinephrine

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Cortisol

Question 19

Which of the following hormones is responsible for the development of male secondary sexual characteristics?

Accepted Answer

Testosterone

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Progesterone

Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Question 20

What is the main target tissue of aldosterone?

Accepted Answer

Kidney

Answer

Liver

Answer

Muscle

Answer

Brain

Question 21

Which of the following is a precursor molecule for both cortisol and testosterone?

Accepted Answer

Cholesterol

Answer

Phospholipid

Answer

Glycerol

Answer

Glucose

Question 22

What is the negative feedback mechanism that regulates cortisol secretion?

Accepted Answer

Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis

Answer

Adrenocortical-pituitary-adrenal axis

Answer

Sympathoadrenal-pituitary-adrenal axis

Answer

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

Question 23

Which of the following is a primary function of the corpus luteum?

Accepted Answer

Progesterone production

Answer

Estrogen production

Answer

LH secretion

Answer

Prolactin production

Question 24

Which of the following hormones is responsible for the development of secondary female sexual characteristics?

Accepted Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Testosterone

Answer

Progesterone

Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Question 25

What is the mechanism by which testosterone exerts its effects on target tissues?

Accepted Answer

Binding to nuclear receptors

Answer

Binding to cytoplasmic receptors

Answer

Activation of G-protein coupled receptors

Answer

Inhibition of protein kinases