Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion: Interactive Learning Quizzes

Question 1

In the proximal tubule, which ion is reabsorbed actively?

Accepted Answer

Sodium

Answer

Potassium

Answer

Chloride

Answer

Bicarbonate

Question 2

Which hormone triggers the insertion of glucose transporters into the luminal membrane of proximal tubule cells?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Aldosterone

Answer

Adrenaline

Question 3

Which of the following is not a mechanism of sodium reabsorption in the loop of Henle?

Accepted Answer

Counter-transport with potassium in the thin descending limb

Answer

Active transport in the thick ascending limb

Answer

Passive diffusion in the thin ascending limb

Answer

Co-transport with chloride in the thick ascending limb

Question 4

Which hormone inhibits sodium reabsorption in the collecting duct?

Accepted Answer

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Answer

Aldosterone

Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 5

Which medication is used to inhibit sodium reabsorption in the loop of Henle?

Accepted Answer

Furosemide

Answer

Spironolactone

Answer

Acetazolamide

Answer

Triamterene

Question 6

Which condition is characterized by impaired water reabsorption in the collecting duct?

Accepted Answer

Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

Answer

Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH)

Answer

Renal tubular acidosis

Answer

Bartter syndrome

Question 7

Which experimental technique is used to study tubular reabsorption?

Accepted Answer

Micropuncture

Answer

Clearance studies

Answer

Electrolyte balance studies

Answer

Renal biopsy

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a crucial ion transporter involved in tubular reabsorption?

Accepted Answer

Glucose transporter

Answer

Sodium-potassium pump

Answer

Hydrogen-potassium ATPase

Answer

Sodium-calcium exchanger

Question 9

Which physiological adaptation in the collecting duct enhances water reabsorption?

Accepted Answer

Increased permeability to water

Answer

Decreased permeability to sodium

Answer

Increased secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Answer

Reduced number of water channels

Question 10

Which hormone increases water reabsorption in the collecting duct?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Answer

Aldosterone

Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

Insulin

Question 11

Which of the following is an active transport mechanism used in tubular reabsorption?

Accepted Answer

Sodium-potassium pump

Answer

Filtration

Answer

Diffusion

Question 12

What is the main mechanism by which the proximal tubule secretes weak acids?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen ion-organic acid exchange

Answer

Active transport

Answer

Filtration

Answer

Passive diffusion

Question 13

Which hormone increases sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion in the distal tubule?

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Parathyroid hormone

Answer

Antidiuretic hormone

Question 14

What is the primary function of the macula densa?

Accepted Answer

Sensing tubular fluid composition and regulating renin secretion

Answer

Reabsorbing sodium ions

Answer

Secreting hydrogen ions

Question 15

Which of the following is a characteristic of distal renal tubular acidosis?

Accepted Answer

Defective hydrogen ion secretion

Answer

Increased sodium reabsorption

Answer

Reduced potassium secretion

Answer

Elevated blood glucose levels

Question 16

Which of the following processes is **NOT** primarily regulated by the proximal tubule during tubular reabsorption?

Accepted Answer

Secretion of creatinine

Answer

Reabsorption of water

Answer

Reabsorption of glucose

Answer

Reabsorption of sodium ions

Question 17

The primary driving force for the movement of sodium ions from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capillaries is:

Accepted Answer

The sodium-potassium pump

Answer

Hydrostatic pressure

Answer

Osmotic pressure

Answer

Passive diffusion

Question 18

Which statement correctly describes the permeability properties of the loop of Henle in urine concentration?

Accepted Answer

The descending limb is permeable to water but impermeable to most solutes, while the ascending limb is permeable to solutes but impermeable to water.

Answer

Both limbs are permeable to water and solutes.

Question 19

The distal tubule primarily secretes which of the following substances?

Accepted Answer

Potassium ions

Answer

Glucose

Answer

Sodium ions

Answer

Water

Question 20

A patient diagnosed with diabetes mellitus is likely to show increased urinary excretion of:

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Answer

Sodium ions

Answer

Potassium ions

Answer

Water

Question 21

Which factor **does not** directly influence glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

Accepted Answer

Plasma protein concentration

Answer

Blood pressure

Answer

Afferent arteriole diameter

Question 22

Aldosterone primarily acts on which part of the nephron to regulate sodium and potassium reabsorption?

Accepted Answer

Distal tubule and collecting duct

Answer

Proximal tubule

Answer

Glomerulus

Answer

Loop of Henle

Question 23

A patient with severe hypokalemia is likely to experience which of the following clinical consequences?

Accepted Answer

Muscle weakness and arrhythmias

Answer

Decreased thirst sensation

Answer

Increased urine output

Answer

Hypertension and edema

Question 24

The primary mechanism responsible for the reabsorption of most water in the nephron is:

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Answer

Filtration

Answer

Active transport

Answer

Diffusion