Mood Disorders: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Question 1

Which of the following is a key symptom of major depressive disorder, according to the DSM-5?

Accepted Answer

Persistent low mood or loss of interest in activities, most of the day, nearly every day.

Answer

Elevated mood and increased energy for at least two weeks.

Answer

Racing thoughts and flight of ideas.

Answer

Increased appetite and weight gain.

Question 2

Which of the following is a central symptom of major depressive disorder?

Accepted Answer

Sustained sadness and loss of interest

Answer

Elevated mood and excessive energy

Answer

Delusions of grandeur

Answer

Auditory hallucinations

Question 3

What is the primary pharmacological treatment for acute mania?

Accepted Answer

Antipsychotic medications

Answer

Mood stabilizers

Answer

Antidepressant medications

Answer

Electroconvulsive therapy

Question 4

Which of the following is a typical cognitive symptom of depression?

Accepted Answer

Negative thoughts and diminished self-worth

Answer

Positive thoughts and inflated self-esteem

Answer

Increased attention and concentration

Answer

Hallucinations

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT considered a core symptom of depression, as defined by the DSM-5?

Accepted Answer

Increased appetite

Answer

Depressed mood

Answer

Anhedonia

Answer

Impaired concentration

Question 6

Which of the following medications is considered a first-line treatment option for moderate to severe depression?

Accepted Answer

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

Answer

Mood stabilizers

Answer

Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)

Answer

Benzodiazepines

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a potential consequence of untreated mood disorders?

Accepted Answer

Enhanced creativity

Answer

Impaired occupational functioning

Answer

Increased risk of physical health problems

Answer

Strained relationships

Question 8

Which of the following statements about mood disorders is accurate?

Accepted Answer

Mood disorders are often episodic and can be managed with appropriate treatment

Answer

Mood disorders are exclusively genetic in origin

Answer

Mood disorders are always debilitating and cannot be treated

Answer

There is only one type of mood disorder

Question 9

For treating major depressive disorder, which approach is generally recommended as the initial step?

Accepted Answer

Antidepressant medication

Answer

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

Answer

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

Answer

Psychotherapy

Question 10

Which of the following is a cardinal symptom of major depressive disorder?

Accepted Answer

Reduced interest or pleasure in previously enjoyed activities

Answer

Prolonged elevation of mood

Answer

Heightened energy levels

Answer

Increased racing thoughts

Question 11

What is a well-established risk factor for the development of bipolar disorder?

Accepted Answer

Family history of the disorder

Answer

Excessive alcohol consumption

Answer

Sustained exposure to stress

Answer

Poor nutrition

Question 12

Which neurotransmitter system plays a crucial role in mood regulation?

Accepted Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

GABA

Answer

Glutamate

Question 13

What is the preferred pharmacological treatment for acute mania?

Accepted Answer

Quetiapine

Answer

Lithium

Answer

Valproate

Answer

Fluoxetine

Question 14

Which of the following is a core component of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for depression?

Accepted Answer

Challenging negative thought patterns

Answer

Mindfulness meditation

Answer

Medication adherence monitoring

Answer

Psychoeducation

Question 15

What do we call a period of abnormally elevated and expansive mood, energy, and activity levels?

Accepted Answer

Mania

Answer

Depression

Answer

Hypomania

Answer

Mixed episode

Question 16

What is the purpose of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in the treatment of severe depression?

Accepted Answer

To induce a controlled seizure in the brain

Answer

To enhance neurotransmitter activity

Answer

To suppress negative thoughts

Answer

To improve sleep quality

Question 17

Which of the following is a key diagnostic feature of dysthymia?

Accepted Answer

Persistent low mood that does not meet the criteria for major depression

Answer

Onset prior to age 21

Answer

Depressive episodes lasting less than 2 years

Answer

Presence of psychotic symptoms

Question 18

What is the main distinction between unipolar and bipolar disorder?

Accepted Answer

Unipolar disorder involves only depressive episodes, while bipolar disorder involves both depressive and manic/hypomanic episodes.

Answer

Bipolar disorder is more prevalent in women, while unipolar disorder is more prevalent in men.

Answer

Unipolar disorder has a better prognosis than bipolar disorder.

Answer

There is no difference between unipolar and bipolar disorder.

Question 19

Which of the following is a core symptom of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5)?

Accepted Answer

Persistent sadness

Answer

Elevated mood

Answer

Increased self-esteem

Answer

Racing thoughts

Question 20

What is the defining characteristic of Bipolar I Disorder?

Accepted Answer

Manic or mixed episodes lasting at least 1 week and requiring hospitalization

Answer

Hypomanic episodes lasting at least 4 days

Answer

Major depressive episodes lasting at least 6 months

Answer

Rapid cycling between mania and depression

Question 21

What is the recommended first-line treatment for moderate to severe depression?

Accepted Answer

Antidepressant medication

Answer

Psychotherapy (such as cognitive behavioral therapy or interpersonal therapy)

Answer

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

Answer

Hospitalization

Question 22

Which type of psychotherapy has the strongest evidence base for the treatment of Bipolar Disorder?

Accepted Answer

Interpersonal and social rhythm therapy (IPSRT)

Answer

Cognitive behavioral therapy

Answer

Family-focused therapy

Answer

Psychodynamic therapy

Question 23

What is the term for a sudden and dramatic shift in mood from mania or hypomania to depression?

Accepted Answer

Mixed episode

Answer

Rapid cycling

Answer

Emotional lability

Answer

Mood swing

Question 24

Which of the following is NOT a recognized subtype of Bipolar Disorder?

Accepted Answer

Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)

Answer

Bipolar I Disorder

Answer

Bipolar II Disorder

Answer

Cyclothymia

Question 25

What is the primary goal of treatment for mood disorders?

Accepted Answer

Achieving optimal functioning and well-being

Answer

Complete remission of all symptoms

Answer

Preventing relapse and recurrence

Answer

Curing the underlying cause of the disorder