Survey Research: Types, Sampling, and Questionnaire Design

Question 1

Which type of response bias arises when participants choose the answer that is perceived as socially acceptable, aligning with societal norms?

Accepted Answer

Social desirability bias

Answer

Sampling bias

Answer

Measurement bias

Answer

Selection bias

Question 2

How can sampling error potentially impact the validity and reliability of survey research?

Accepted Answer

Sampling error may influence both the validity and reliability of survey research, depending on factors like sample size and sampling method.

Answer

It consistently diminishes both the validity and reliability of survey research.

Answer

Sampling error can reduce the reliability, but not the validity, of survey research.

Answer

Sampling error does not affect the validity or reliability of survey research.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a commonly used sampling technique in survey research?

Accepted Answer

Voluntary response sampling

Answer

Simple random sampling

Answer

Stratified sampling

Answer

Quota sampling

Question 4

What is the primary purpose of conducting a pilot test of a questionnaire?

Accepted Answer

To identify and rectify any potential errors or biases

Answer

To determine the validity of the questionnaire

Answer

To estimate the response rate

Answer

To gather preliminary data for analysis

Question 5

What is the primary limitation of cross-sectional surveys?

Accepted Answer

They cannot establish causality

Answer

They are susceptible to response bias

Answer

They are difficult to generalize to a larger population

Answer

They are expensive to conduct

Question 6

Which type of question is most appropriate for obtaining in-depth responses from participants?

Accepted Answer

Open-ended questions

Answer

Closed-ended questions

Answer

Likert scale questions

Answer

Semantic differential questions

Question 7

What is the primary purpose of a research proposal in survey research?

Accepted Answer

To outline the research question, methodology, and expected outcomes

Answer

To secure funding for the research project

Answer

To obtain ethical approval for the research project

Answer

To disseminate the research findings

Question 8

Which key characteristic distinguishes cross-sectional surveys?

Accepted Answer

Data collection occurs at a single point in time

Answer

Data collection is conducted over multiple time points

Answer

Data is gathered from a sample fully representing the population

Answer

Data is obtained from a sample that is not representative of the population

Question 9

In simple random sampling, how are participants chosen?

Accepted Answer

Randomly selected from a population list

Answer

Methodically chosen from a population list

Answer

Selected based on specific characteristics

Answer

Gathered from groups within the population

Question 10

What is the primary objective of conducting a pilot study in survey research?

Accepted Answer

To assess the effectiveness of the survey instrument and refine methods

Answer

To calculate the required sample size for the main study

Answer

To gather preliminary data for the main study

Answer

To validate the research hypothesis

Question 11

Which question type is most suitable for eliciting in-depth responses?

Accepted Answer

Open-ended questions

Answer

Closed-ended questions

Answer

Likert scale questions

Answer

Semantic differential scales

Question 12

Highlight a key strength of survey research.

Accepted Answer

Gathering data from a substantial and diverse sample

Answer

Exceptional response rates compared to alternative research approaches

Answer

Providing in-depth insights into individual behaviors and perspectives

Answer

Eliminating the influence of social desirability bias

Question 13

Which sampling technique holds the highest probability of generating a representative sample?

Accepted Answer

Random sampling

Answer

Quota sampling

Answer

Convenience sampling

Answer

Snowball sampling

Question 14

What is the fundamental purpose of a pilot study in survey research?

Accepted Answer

Refining the questionnaire and identifying potential areas of difficulty

Answer

Gathering a limited dataset to support sample size estimation

Answer

Evaluating the validity and reliability of the research instrument

Answer

Ensuring the generalizability of the findings

Question 15

Explain the primary distinction between cross-sectional and longitudinal surveys.

Accepted Answer

Cross-sectional surveys gather data from a sample at a single point in time, while longitudinal surveys collect data from the same sample over an extended period

Answer

Cross-sectional surveys yield more reliable findings than longitudinal surveys

Answer

Longitudinal surveys are more cost-effective to conduct than cross-sectional surveys

Answer

Cross-sectional surveys provide more robust evidence for establishing causality

Question 16

Which type of question is most suitable for collecting qualitative data in a survey?

Accepted Answer

Open-ended question

Answer

Multiple-choice question

Answer

Rating scale question

Answer

Likert scale question

Question 17

What is a primary benefit of conducting a longitudinal survey?

Accepted Answer

Tracks changes over time

Answer

Lower cost than retrospective surveys

Answer

Provides a static snapshot of a population

Question 18

Which of the following is a characteristic of survey research?

Accepted Answer

It collects quantitative data from a large number of participants.

Answer

It involves direct observation of participants.

Answer

It is typically qualitative in nature.

Question 19

What is the primary purpose of sampling in survey research?

Accepted Answer

To ensure that the sample is representative of the population.

Answer

To increase the size of the sample.

Answer

To reduce the cost of the survey.

Question 20

What is the main purpose of conducting a pilot study in survey research?

Accepted Answer

To test the questionnaire for clarity and potential problems.

Answer

To determine the sample size for the main study.

Answer

To collect preliminary data for analysis.

Question 21

Which of the following is an advantage of using closed-ended questions in a survey?

Accepted Answer

They are easier to analyze and quantify.

Answer

They are less likely to be influenced by social desirability bias.

Answer

They allow for more in-depth responses.

Answer

They are more likely to yield unbiased data.

Question 22

What is the term for the tendency of respondents to answer survey questions in a way that makes them appear more socially acceptable?

Accepted Answer

Social desirability bias

Answer

Response bias

Answer

Self-report bias

Question 23

How is the response rate of a survey calculated?

Accepted Answer

Number of completed surveys divided by the total number of surveys distributed

Answer

Number of participants who agreed to participate in the survey

Answer

Number of surveys that were returned out of the total number that were distributed

Question 24

What is the purpose of using a Likert scale in a survey?

Accepted Answer

To measure the intensity of agreement or disagreement with a statement.

Answer

To rank the importance of different items.

Answer

To measure the frequency of a behavior.