Introduction to the Nervous System: Master the Basics for Healthcare Professionals

Question 1

Which part of a neuron is responsible for receiving signals from other neurons?

Accepted Answer

Dendrite

Answer

Cell body

Answer

Axon

Answer

Axon terminal

Question 2

What is the primary function of synapses in neural communication?

Accepted Answer

Transmit signals between neurons

Answer

Generate electrical signals

Answer

Amplify neural signals

Answer

Integrate multiple signals

Question 3

Which neurotransmitter is associated with inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs)?

Accepted Answer

GABA

Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Epinephrine

Question 4

What is the main neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Norepinephrine

Answer

Serotonin

Question 5

Which structure provides a protective barrier around the brain and spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

Meninges

Answer

Blood-brain barrier

Answer

Myelin sheath

Answer

Choroid plexus

Question 6

Which region of the brain is primarily responsible for conscious thought, reasoning, and decision-making?

Accepted Answer

Cerebrum

Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Brainstem

Answer

Thalamus

Question 7

Which neurodegenerative disorder is characterized by loss of motor control and tremors?

Accepted Answer

Parkinson's disease

Answer

Alzheimer's disease

Answer

Huntington's disease

Answer

Multiple sclerosis

Question 8

What is the main purpose of a nerve impulse?

Accepted Answer

To transmit information rapidly over long distances

Answer

To stimulate muscle contraction or gland secretion

Answer

To process and interpret sensory information

Answer

To regulate heart rate and respiration

Question 9

Which of the following functions is NOT performed by the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins and enzymes

Answer

Receiving and processing sensory information

Answer

Regulating and coordinating body functions

Answer

Storing and retrieving memories

Question 10

The fundamental structural and functional unit of the nervous system is the:

Accepted Answer

Neuron

Answer

Nerve

Answer

Glial cell

Answer

Synapse

Question 11

Which component of the neuron transmits impulses away from the cell body?

Accepted Answer

Axon

Answer

Dendrites

Answer

Myelin sheath

Answer

Nucleus

Question 12

The site of communication between two neurons is known as a:

Accepted Answer

Synapse

Answer

Axon hillock

Answer

Dendritic tree

Answer

Soma

Question 13

Which neurotransmitter is associated with the transmission of inhibitory signals in the brain?

Accepted Answer

GABA

Answer

Glutamate

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Dopamine

Question 14

The protective outermost layer of the meninges that lines the skull and spinal canal is the:

Accepted Answer

Dura mater

Answer

Pia mater

Answer

Arachnoid mater

Answer

Ependyma

Question 15

Which division of the nervous system innervates skeletal muscles?

Accepted Answer

Somatic

Answer

Autonomic

Answer

Central

Answer

Peripheral

Question 16

Damage to which part of the neuron would impair its conduction of electrical signals?

Accepted Answer

Axon

Answer

Cell body

Answer

Dendrites

Answer

Myelin sheath

Question 17

Which type of glial cell forms myelin in the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cells

Answer

Astrocytes

Answer

Microglia

Answer

Ependymal cells

Question 18

In which anatomical space does cerebrospinal fluid primarily circulate?

Accepted Answer

Ventricles, subarachnoid space, and central canal of the spinal cord

Answer

Meninges and skull cavity

Answer

Blood vessels and lymph nodes

Answer

Axons and Schwann cells

Question 19

Explain the process of synaptic transmission, highlighting how it facilitates communication between neurons.

Accepted Answer

Neurotransmitters are released from the presynaptic neuron, bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron, triggering an action potential.

Answer

Synaptic transmission involves electrical signals crossing the synaptic cleft, directly stimulating the postsynaptic neuron.

Answer

Gap junctions are solely responsible for synaptic transmission, enabling direct electrical flow between neurons.

Answer

Action potentials arise in the postsynaptic neuron before neurotransmitter release.

Question 20

Which of the following is the fundamental building block of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Neuron

Answer

Synapse

Answer

Neurotransmitter

Answer

Glial cell

Question 21

The primary function of a dendrite is to:

Accepted Answer

Receive signals from other neurons

Answer

Transmit signals to other neurons

Answer

Store neurotransmitters

Answer

Provide structural support to the neuron

Question 22

An axon is responsible for:

Accepted Answer

Conducting signals away from the cell body

Answer

Receiving signals from other neurons

Answer

Releasing neurotransmitters

Answer

Generating electrical impulses

Question 23

The main excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system is:

Accepted Answer

Glutamate

Answer

Glycine

Answer

GABA

Answer

Aspartate

Question 24

The autonomic nervous system primarily controls:

Accepted Answer

Involuntary bodily functions

Answer

Voluntary movements

Answer

Processing of sensory information

Answer

Cognition

Question 25

Which neurotransmitter acts as the primary chemical messenger, carrying signals across the synaptic gap between neurons?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Epinephrine

Question 26

Which of the following is the fundamental unit of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Neuron

Answer

Synapse

Answer

Axon

Answer

Dendrite

Question 27

Which part of the neuron receives signals from adjacent neurons?

Accepted Answer

Dendrite

Answer

Cell body

Answer

Axon

Answer

Myelin sheath

Question 28

Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with excitatory synaptic transmission?

Accepted Answer

Glutamate

Answer

GABA

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Question 29

What is the main function of the myelin sheath?

Accepted Answer

To insulate the axon and increase conduction velocity

Answer

To protect the axon from damage

Answer

To regulate the flow of ions within the neuron

Answer

To amplify synaptic signals

Question 30

Which of the following is NOT a division of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Voluntary nervous system

Answer

Central nervous system

Answer

Peripheral nervous system

Answer

Autonomic nervous system

Question 31

Which branch of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for "fight or flight" responses?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic

Answer

Parasympathetic

Answer

Enteric

Answer

Sensorimotor

Question 32

What is the main role of the endocrine system in relation to the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

To regulate long-term bodily functions

Answer

To facilitate rapid communication over short distances

Answer

To process sensory information

Answer

To control muscle movement

Question 33

What is the primary responsibility of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

To manage and coordinate bodily functions

Answer

Circulating blood

Answer

Providing structural support

Answer

Digesting nutrients

Question 34

Which of the following is the basic structural and functional unit of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Neuron

Answer

Glial cell

Answer

Synapse

Question 35

Which part of the neuron receives stimuli from other neurons?

Accepted Answer

Dendrites

Answer

Axon

Answer

Myelin sheath

Answer

Soma

Question 36

What is the gap between neurons where neurotransmitters are released?

Accepted Answer

Synapse

Answer

Dendrite

Answer

Axon terminal

Answer

Soma

Question 37

Which neurotransmitter is known to inhibit neuronal activity?

Accepted Answer

GABA

Answer

Glutamate

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Question 38

Which components make up the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Brain and spinal cord

Answer

Peripheral nerves

Answer

Autonomic nervous system

Answer

Sensory receptors

Question 39

Which part of the nervous system regulates involuntary functions like heart rate and digestion?

Accepted Answer

Autonomic nervous system

Answer

Central nervous system

Answer

Motor nervous system

Answer

Sensory nervous system

Question 40

Which structure serves as the primary control center of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Brain

Answer

Peripheral nerves

Answer

Spinal cord

Answer

Autonomic ganglia

Question 41

What is the primary function of sensory receptors?

Accepted Answer

Detecting changes in the environment

Answer

Processing information

Answer

Controlling muscle movement

Answer

Releasing neurotransmitters

Question 42

Which layer of tissue insulates some axons?

Accepted Answer

Myelin sheath

Answer

Axon terminal

Answer

Synaptic cleft