Carbohydrates: Structure, Properties, and Functions

Question 1

What is the correct molecular formula of glucose?

Accepted Answer

C6H12O6

Answer

C6H10O5

Answer

C5H10O5

Question 2

Which of the following disaccharides is considered a non-reducing sugar?

Accepted Answer

Sucrose

Answer

Lactose

Answer

Maltose

Question 3

Which of the following is a linear polysaccharide?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose

Answer

Starch

Answer

Glycogen

Question 4

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the conversion of glycogen into glucose?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Cortisol

Question 5

Which of the following food options is considered a good source of complex carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

Brown rice

Answer

White bread

Answer

Candy

Question 6

Which of the following is classified as a monosaccharide?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Answer

Starch

Answer

Cellulose

Answer

Glycogen

Question 7

What is the basic structural unit of carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

Monosaccharide

Answer

Amino acid

Answer

Fatty acid

Answer

Nucleotide

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a function of carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

Hormone regulation

Answer

Energy storage

Answer

Cell recognition

Answer

Muscle contraction

Question 9

What type of glycosidic bond joins two monosaccharides to form a disaccharide?

Accepted Answer

β-1,4-glycosidic bond

Answer

α-1,4-glycosidic bond

Answer

α-1,6-glycosidic bond

Answer

β-1,6-glycosidic bond

Question 10

Which of the following polysaccharides is found in the cell walls of plants?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose

Answer

Chitin

Answer

Glycogen

Answer

Hyaluronic acid

Question 11

Which of the following enzymes catalyzes the hydrolysis of starch?

Accepted Answer

Amylase

Answer

Protease

Answer

Lipase

Answer

Nuclease

Question 12

What is the primary function of glycogen phosphorylase?

Accepted Answer

It catalyzes the breakdown of glycogen to release glucose

Answer

It catalyzes the synthesis of glycogen from glucose

Answer

It regulates blood sugar levels

Answer

It is found exclusively in muscle tissue

Question 13

Which of the following monosaccharides is NOT a hexose?

Accepted Answer

Ribose

Answer

Glucose

Answer

Fructose

Answer

Galactose

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT classified as a monosaccharide?

Accepted Answer

Lactose

Answer

Glucose

Answer

Ribose

Answer

Fructose

Question 15

Which type of bond links adjacent monosaccharides in a polysaccharide?

Accepted Answer

Glycosidic bond

Answer

Ester bond

Answer

Peptide bond

Answer

Hydrogen bond

Question 16

Which chemical reaction breaks down carbohydrates into smaller units?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Answer

Dehydration synthesis

Answer

Oxidation

Answer

Reduction

Question 17

What is the key structural difference between amylose and amylopectin?

Accepted Answer

Amylose is a straight chain, while amylopectin is branched.

Answer

Amylose is branched, while amylopectin is a straight chain.

Answer

Both are straight chains.

Answer

Both are branched.

Question 18

Which monosaccharide is the building block of cellulose?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Answer

Fructose

Answer

Ribose

Answer

Galactose

Question 19

Which glycosidic bond links the monosaccharides in lactose?

Accepted Answer

β-1,4-glycosidic bond

Answer

α-1,4-glycosidic bond

Answer

α-1,6-glycosidic bond

Answer

β-1,6-glycosidic bond

Question 20

Which technique is commonly used to separate carbohydrates based on their size?

Accepted Answer

Chromatography

Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Answer

Spectrophotometry

Answer

X-ray crystallography

Question 21

Which functional group is a defining characteristic of carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

Hydroxyl group

Answer

Amino group

Answer

Carbonyl group

Answer

Phosphate group

Question 22

Which of the following characteristics is NOT associated with carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

Exhibit insolubility in water

Answer

Contain atoms of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Answer

Provide an energy source for organisms

Answer

Have a general molecular formula of (CH2O)n

Question 23

Which of the following is a carbohydrate classified as a monosaccharide?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Answer

Sucrose

Answer

Starch

Answer

Cellulose

Question 24

A glycosidic bond is specifically formed between:

Accepted Answer

Two monosaccharides

Answer

Two disaccharides

Answer

A monosaccharide and a disaccharide

Answer

A monosaccharide and a polysaccharide

Question 25

Which of the following polysaccharides serves as an energy storage molecule in animals?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Answer

Starch

Answer

Cellulose

Answer

Chitin

Question 26

What is the primary function of carbohydrates in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Supplying energy

Answer

Providing structural support

Answer

Offering immune defense

Answer

Transporting oxygen

Question 27

The distinction between alpha and beta glycosidic bonds lies in:

Accepted Answer

The orientation of the hydroxyl group on the anomeric carbon

Answer

The number of sugar units in the molecule

Answer

The type of glycosidic bond formed between the sugars

Answer

The spatial orientation of the sugar molecules

Question 28

Which of the following techniques is most commonly employed to identify different types of carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

Chromatography

Answer

Spectrophotometry

Answer

Titration

Answer

Microscopy

Question 29

Which of the following statements about carbohydrates is INCORRECT?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates can only be synthesized by plants

Answer

Carbohydrates are the most abundant organic compounds on Earth

Answer

Carbohydrates are essential nutrients for human health

Answer

Carbohydrates have a diverse range of biological functions

Question 30

Explain the critical role carbohydrates play in energy metabolism. Describe how they serve as a primary energy source and their involvement in cellular respiration.

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates are essential for energy storage and can be broken down to release energy in cellular respiration.

Answer

Carbohydrates are only used for energy storage and have no other biological functions.

Answer

Carbohydrates cannot be broken down to release energy and are only used as building blocks for other molecules.

Answer

Carbohydrates are only found in plants and are not present in animals.

Question 31

How does the digestive system break down complex carbohydrates into simpler sugars?

Accepted Answer

Mechanical digestion and enzymatic hydrolysis

Answer

Chemical digestion and absorption

Answer

Physical digestion and fermentation

Answer

Biological digestion and excretion

Question 32

Which of these foods does NOT contain dietary fiber?

Accepted Answer

White sugar

Answer

Whole grain bread

Answer

Brown rice

Answer

Quinoa

Question 33

How does the structure of starch differ from that of cellulose?

Accepted Answer

Starch is a branched polysaccharide, while cellulose is a linear polysaccharide.

Answer

Cellulose is a branched polysaccharide, while starch is a linear polysaccharide.

Answer

Starch and cellulose have identical structures.

Question 34

How do glycosidic bonds contribute to the formation of carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

They link monosaccharides to form disaccharides, creating diverse carbohydrate structures.

Answer

They influence the energy storage capacity of carbohydrates.

Answer

They determine the solubility of carbohydrates in water.

Question 35

Arrange these carbohydrate structures from simplest to most complex: monosaccharide, disaccharide, polysaccharide.

Accepted Answer

Monosaccharide, Disaccharide, Polysaccharide

Answer

Polysaccharide, Disaccharide, Monosaccharide

Answer

Disaccharide, Monosaccharide, Polysaccharide

Answer

Monosaccharide, Polysaccharide, Disaccharide

Question 36

Which of the following is a disaccharide?

Accepted Answer

Sucrose

Answer

Starch

Answer

Cellulose

Question 37

Identify the compound that is NOT classified as a monosaccharide.

Accepted Answer

Sucrose

Answer

Fructose

Answer

Glucose

Answer

Galactose

Question 38

Express the chemical formula for glucose.

Accepted Answer

C₆H₁₂O₆

Answer

C₅H₁₀O₅

Answer

C₄H₈O₄

Answer

C₃H₆O₃

Question 39

Which type of chemical bond connects two monosaccharides to form a disaccharide?

Accepted Answer

Glycosidic bond

Answer

Peptide bond

Answer

Ionic bond

Answer

Hydrogen bond

Question 40

Determine the disaccharide composed of glucose and galactose.

Accepted Answer

Lactose

Answer

Maltose

Answer

Sucrose

Answer

Cellobiose

Question 41

Identify the primary storage form of carbohydrates within animals.

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Answer

Cellulose

Answer

Starch

Question 42

Determine the polysaccharide that serves as the structural component of plant cell walls.

Accepted Answer

Cellulose

Answer

Glycogen

Answer

Chitin

Answer

Starch

Question 43

Describe the primary role of carbohydrates in cellular respiration.

Accepted Answer

Energy source

Answer

Genetic material

Answer

Hormonal regulator

Answer

Structural component

Question 44

Identify the hormone that triggers the breakdown of glycogen into glucose.

Accepted Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Thyroxine

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Epinephrine

Question 45

Explain the key difference between reducing sugars and non-reducing sugars.

Accepted Answer

Reducing sugars have a free anomeric carbon, while non-reducing sugars do not.

Answer

Reducing sugars are sweeter than non-reducing sugars.

Answer

Non-reducing sugars are more soluble than reducing sugars.

Question 46

Indicate the diagnostic test commonly used to identify diabetes.

Accepted Answer

Fasting blood glucose test

Answer

Complete blood count

Answer

Liver function test

Answer

Electrocardiogram