Gene Structure and Expression: Interactive Learning Quizzes for Advanced Diploma in Healthcare

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a component of a gene's structure?

Accepted Answer

Operator

Answer

Promoter

Answer

Intron

Answer

Exon

Question 2

What is the function of a promoter in gene expression?

Accepted Answer

Binds RNA polymerase and initiates transcription

Answer

Contains the coding sequence

Answer

Splices introns

Answer

Terminates transcription

Question 3

Which type of RNA carries genetic information from the nucleus to the ribosome?

Accepted Answer

mRNA

Answer

rRNA

Answer

tRNA

Answer

snRNA

Question 4

What is the process by which introns are removed from pre-mRNA?

Accepted Answer

Splicing

Answer

Transcription

Answer

Translation

Answer

Replication

Question 5

Which of the following is not a component of a gene?

Accepted Answer

Operon

Answer

Promoter

Answer

Intron

Answer

Exon

Question 6

The region of DNA that initiates transcription is the:

Accepted Answer

Promoter

Answer

Terminator

Answer

Enhancer

Answer

Silencer

Question 7

Which process involves the removal of introns from pre-mRNA?

Accepted Answer

Splicing

Answer

Replication

Answer

Transcription

Answer

Translation

Question 8

A codon in the genetic code consists of:

Accepted Answer

3 nucleotides

Answer

1 nucleotide

Answer

2 nucleotides

Answer

4 nucleotides

Question 9

The primary role of tRNA during protein synthesis is to:

Accepted Answer

Carry specific amino acids

Answer

Initiate translation

Answer

Terminate translation

Answer

Proofread the polypeptide chain

Question 10

Gene regulation refers to:

Accepted Answer

Turning genes on or off

Answer

Expressing genes

Answer

Modifying genes

Answer

Sequencing genes

Question 11

The Human Genome Project primarily:

Accepted Answer

Mapped the entire human genome sequence

Answer

Developed gene editing techniques

Answer

Cured genetic diseases

Answer

Created synthetic organisms

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a component of a eukaryotic gene?

Accepted Answer

Enhancer (Regulatory element)

Answer

Promoter

Answer

Intron

Answer

Exon

Question 13

What is the primary function of a promoter?

Accepted Answer

Initiates transcription by providing a binding site for RNA polymerase

Answer

Codes for protein synthesis

Answer

Contains regulatory elements that control gene expression

Answer

Splices out introns from the primary RNA transcript

Question 14

What is the name of the process by which genetic information from DNA is copied into a complementary RNA molecule?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Answer

Translation

Answer

Replication

Answer

Mutation

Question 15

Which enzyme is responsible for catalyzing the polymerization of nucleotides during transcription?

Accepted Answer

Polymerase

Answer

Ligase

Answer

Helicase

Answer

Topoisomerase

Question 16

What is the fate of introns during gene expression?

Accepted Answer

Are removed from the RNA transcript through splicing

Answer

Code for proteins

Answer

Enhance gene regulation

Answer

Control the rate of transcription

Question 17

Which technique is commonly used to study gene expression patterns in a high-throughput manner?

Accepted Answer

Microarray

Answer

PCR

Answer

DNA sequencing

Answer

Electrophoresis

Question 18

Explain the key structural differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic genes.

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic genes contain introns and exons, while prokaryotic genes do not.

Answer

Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic genes have introns and exons.

Answer

Prokaryotic genes have introns and exons, while eukaryotic genes do not.

Question 19

Which of the following is not a component of a eukaryotic gene?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Answer

Promoter

Answer

Intron

Answer

Exon

Question 20

What sequence of DNA signals the start of transcription?

Accepted Answer

Promoter

Answer

Start codon

Answer

Stop codon

Answer

Enhancer

Question 21

Which process removes introns from a primary RNA transcript, creating a mature mRNA molecule?

Accepted Answer

Splicing

Answer

Translation

Answer

Transcription

Answer

Replication

Question 22

What is the type of genetic mutation that involves the insertion of additional DNA nucleotides?

Accepted Answer

Insertion

Answer

Substitution

Answer

Deletion

Answer

Inversion

Question 23

What is the function of a transcription factor?

Accepted Answer

To bind to specific DNA sequences and regulate gene expression

Answer

To unwind DNA during replication

Answer

To catalyze the addition of nucleotides during RNA synthesis

Answer

To repair damaged DNA

Question 24

What is the key difference between a silent mutation and a missense mutation?

Accepted Answer

Missense mutations change the amino acid sequence, while silent mutations do not

Answer

Silent mutations change the amino acid sequence, while missense mutations do not

Answer

Both mutations change the amino acid sequence

Answer

Neither mutation changes the amino acid sequence

Question 25

How can gene mutations potentially affect gene expression and phenotypic outcomes?

Accepted Answer

Alter regulatory sequences, impacting transcription factor binding and gene expression.

Answer

Always lead to reduced protein expression.

Answer

Have no influence on phenotypic traits.

Answer

Are exclusively inherited from parents.

Question 26

How does gene regulation contribute to the development of specialized cells?

Accepted Answer

By activating specific genes in some cell types and deactivating them in others.

Answer

By changing the DNA sequence of genes.

Answer

By randomly activating or deactivating genes.

Answer

By changing the number of chromosomes in each cell.

Question 27

The region of a gene that contains the genetic code for a protein is known as the:

Accepted Answer

Exon

Answer

Intron

Answer

Promoter

Answer

Terminator

Question 28

Which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing RNA from a DNA template?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase

Answer

DNA polymerase

Answer

Ligase

Answer

Helicase

Question 29

The process by which the genetic information in mRNA is converted into a polypeptide chain is known as:

Accepted Answer

Translation

Answer

Transcription

Answer

Replication

Answer

Gene regulation

Question 30

The Human Genome Project was a landmark scientific endeavor that aimed to:

Accepted Answer

Sequence the entire human genome

Answer

Identify all human genes

Answer

Understand gene function

Answer

Develop new medical treatments

Question 31

Gene therapy is a potential treatment approach that aims to:

Accepted Answer

Correct or replace defective genes

Answer

Enhance physical characteristics

Answer

Cure cancer

Answer

Prevent aging

Question 32

Explain the role of epigenetic modifications in regulating gene expression.

Accepted Answer

Epigenetic modifications change the structure of nucleosomes, influencing the accessibility of DNA to transcription factors.

Answer

Epigenetic modifications alter the DNA sequence itself, modifying the genetic code.

Answer

Epigenetic modifications directly initiate transcription by binding to RNA polymerase.

Answer

Epigenetic modifications are responsible for repairing damaged DNA, ensuring the integrity of genetic information.

Question 33

How do transcription factors primarily regulate gene expression?

Accepted Answer

By binding to specific DNA sequences in the promoter region, influencing transcription initiation

Answer

By translating mRNA into proteins

Answer

By modifying histone proteins, altering chromatin structure

Answer

By splicing introns out of pre-mRNA, influencing mRNA maturation

Question 34

**Question:**

What is the primary function of a promoter region in gene regulation?

Accepted Answer

**Correct Answer:**
To initiate transcription by binding RNA polymerase

Answer

**Distractor 2:**
To provide stability to the gene

Answer

**Distractor 3:**
To code for the polypeptide product

Answer

**Distractor 1:**
To regulate gene expression

Question 35

**Question:**

Which of the following is NOT a type of post-transcriptional modification that can occur to eukaryotic mRNA?

Accepted Answer

**Correct Answer:**
Replication

Answer

**Distractor 3:**
Polyadenylation

Answer

**Distractor 2:**
Capping

Answer

**Distractor 1:**
Splicing

Question 36

**Question:**

What is the role of introns in the structure of eukaryotic genes?

Accepted Answer

**Correct Answer:**
They are non-coding regions that are removed during splicing

Answer

**Distractor 2:**
They code for the protein product of the gene

Answer

**Distractor 1:**
They regulate gene expression

Question 37

**Question:**

What is the term for the copying of a gene into a complementary strand of RNA?

Accepted Answer

**Correct Answer:**
Transcription

Answer

**Distractor 2:**
Replication

Answer

**Distractor 3:**
Mutation

Answer

**Distractor 1:**
Translation

Question 38

**Question:**

What is the distinction between a gene and an allele?

Accepted Answer

**Correct Answer:**
A gene is a locus on a chromosome, while an allele is a specific variant of that gene

Answer

**Distractor 2:**
A gene is a sequence of DNA, while an allele is a sequence of RNA

Answer

**Distractor 1:**
A gene is a unit of heredity, while an allele is a type of mutation

Question 39

**Question:**

Which technique is used to measure the expression level of specific genes?

Accepted Answer

**Correct Answer:**
Quantitative real-time PCR

Answer

**Distractor 1:**
Gel electrophoresis

Answer

**Distractor 2:**
Sanger sequencing

Answer

**Distractor 3:**
Microscopy

Question 40

**Question:**

State the central dogma of molecular biology.

Accepted Answer

**Correct Answer:**
DNA → RNA → Protein

Answer

**Distractor 2:**
RNA → DNA → Protein

Answer

**Distractor 1:**
DNA → Protein → RNA

Answer

**Distractor 3:**
Protein → RNA → DNA