Introduction to Metabolism: A Comprehensive Guide for Advanced Diploma in Healthcare Students

Question 1

Which statement best describes catabolism?

Accepted Answer

Catabolism breaks down complex molecules into simpler ones.

Answer

Catabolism requires energy.

Answer

Catabolism only occurs in the cytoplasm.

Answer

Catabolism always needs oxygen.

Question 2

Which of the following is the universal energy currency of cells?

Accepted Answer

ATP

Answer

Glucose

Answer

NADH

Answer

Acetyl-CoA

Question 3

Enzymes facilitate metabolic reactions primarily by:

Accepted Answer

Lowering the activation energy of the reaction

Answer

Increasing the temperature of the reactants

Answer

Providing an alternative pathway for the reaction

Answer

Consuming the products of the reaction

Question 4

Which of the following is classified as a catabolic process?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Answer

Gluconeogenesis

Answer

Lipid synthesis

Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 5

In the electron transport chain, electrons are ultimately transferred to:

Accepted Answer

Oxygen

Answer

NAD+

Answer

FADH2

Answer

Cytochrome c

Question 6

The metabolic pathway that converts glucose to pyruvate is known as:

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Answer

Gluconeogenesis

Answer

Citric acid cycle

Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 7

Which of the following is a metabolic adaptation to oxygen deprivation?

Accepted Answer

Lactic acid fermentation

Answer

Gluconeogenesis

Answer

Glycogenolysis

Answer

Lipolysis

Question 8

The term "anabolism" refers to:

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of complex molecules from simpler ones

Answer

Breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones

Answer

Exchange of gases between cells and the environment

Answer

Transport of molecules across cell membranes

Question 9

Which of the following coenzymes is primarily involved in transferring hydrogen atoms?

Accepted Answer

NAD+

Answer

FAD

Answer

CoA

Answer

ATP

Question 10

The metabolic pathway responsible for the breakdown of fatty acids is:

Accepted Answer

Lipolysis

Answer

Glycolysis

Answer

Gluconeogenesis

Answer

Krebs cycle

Question 11

What is the term for the metabolic process where complex molecules are broken down into simpler ones?

Accepted Answer

Catabolism

Answer

Anabolism

Answer

Glycolysis

Answer

Krebs cycle

Question 12

In cellular respiration, which molecule serves as the terminal electron acceptor?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen

Answer

Carbon dioxide

Answer

Water

Answer

NAD+

Question 13

What is the name of the metabolic pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Answer

Krebs cycle

Answer

Electron transport chain

Answer

Anaerobic respiration

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a potential benefit of studying metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Predicting meteorological events

Answer

Understanding disease mechanisms

Answer

Developing novel pharmaceuticals

Answer

Enhancing athletic performance

Question 15

In phenylketonuria, a genetic disorder, which enzyme deficiency causes an accumulation of phenylalanine?

Accepted Answer

Phenylalanine hydroxylase

Answer

Pyruvate dehydrogenase

Answer

Glycogen synthase

Question 16

What is the primary function of coenzymes in metabolism?

Accepted Answer

To assist enzymes in carrying electrons or functional groups.

Answer

To provide energy for reactions.

Answer

To activate enzymes.

Answer

To inhibit enzyme activity.

Question 17

Which of the following metabolic pathways is catabolic?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Answer

Glycogenesis

Answer

Gluconeogenesis

Answer

Lipogenesis

Question 18

Which molecule is the main energy currency of cells?

Accepted Answer

ATP

Answer

ADP

Answer

NADH

Answer

FADH2

Question 19

Which molecule is the primary substrate for glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Answer

Fructose

Answer

Glycogen

Answer

Starch

Question 20

Which enzyme is a key regulator of glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

Phosphofructokinase

Answer

Hexokinase

Answer

Pyruvate kinase

Answer

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase

Question 21

What is the main purpose of gluconeogenesis?

Accepted Answer

To synthesize glucose from non-carbohydrate sources.

Answer

To convert glucose to pyruvate.

Answer

To break down glycogen.

Answer

To generate ATP.

Question 22

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of metabolism in humans?

Accepted Answer

Is not regulated by genes

Answer

Involves a series of chemical reactions

Answer

Requires energy in certain reactions

Answer

Is essential for the maintenance of life

Question 23

What is the term for a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction by lowering its activation energy?

Accepted Answer

Enzyme

Answer

Substrate

Answer

Coenzyme

Answer

Inhibitor

Question 24

Which of the following is a major pathway responsible for the breakdown of large organic molecules (such as glucose) to release energy?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Answer

Citric acid cycle

Answer

Gluconeogenesis

Answer

Fatty acid synthesis

Question 25

What is the waste product of cellular respiration that is exhaled?

Accepted Answer

Carbon dioxide

Answer

Glucose

Answer

Water

Answer

Nitrous oxide

Question 26

What is the primary function of coenzymes in metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Carry functional groups or electrons between enzymes

Answer

Provide energy for reactions

Answer

Stabilize enzyme structures

Answer

Inhibit enzyme activity

Question 27

Which of the following is an example of an anabolic reaction?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of proteins

Answer

Breakdown of glycogen

Answer

Catabolism of lipids

Answer

Cellular respiration

Question 28

What is the primary role of feedback inhibition in metabolic pathways?

Accepted Answer

Prevents excessive accumulation of products

Answer

Ensures a consistent supply of reactants

Answer

Increases the overall efficiency of the pathway

Answer

Protects cells from harmful intermediates

Question 29

Which of the following is the main molecule responsible for energy transfer within cells?

Accepted Answer

ATP

Answer

Glucose

Answer

NADH

Answer

FAD

Question 30

Which of the following best describes the overarching concept of cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

The sum of all chemical processes that occur within a cell

Answer

The breakdown of nutrients to release energy

Answer

The synthesis of complex molecules from simpler ones

Answer

The regulation of body temperature

Question 31

Catabolic processes primarily focus on:

Accepted Answer

Breaking down complex molecules, such as glucose

Answer

Building complex molecules, such as proteins

Answer

Transferring energy between molecules

Answer

Storing energy in molecules

Question 32

Which of the following is NOT a common catabolic pathway in cells?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Answer

Glycolysis

Answer

Citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle)

Answer

Electron transport chain

Question 33

Enzymes play a critical role in metabolism by:

Accepted Answer

Increasing the rate of chemical reactions within cells

Answer

Providing energy for reactions to occur

Answer

Storing metabolic products

Answer

Breaking down molecules into smaller units

Question 34

The enzyme that initiates glycolysis, the breakdown of glucose, is:

Accepted Answer

Hexokinase

Answer

Phosphoglycerate kinase

Answer

Pyruvate kinase

Answer

Lactate dehydrogenase

Question 35

The final stage of cellular respiration involves:

Accepted Answer

Electron transport chain

Answer

Glycolysis

Answer

Pyruvate oxidation

Answer

Citric acid cycle

Question 36

Which of the following disorders is characterized by an inability to metabolize carbohydrates effectively?

Accepted Answer

Diabetes mellitus

Answer

Phenylketonuria

Answer

Sickle cell anaemia

Answer

Cystic fibrosis

Question 37

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of enzymes?

Accepted Answer

They are消耗 during the reaction they catalyze

Answer

They accelerate the rate of a reaction without being permanently changed

Answer

They are highly specific

Question 38

Which of the following is the primary energy currency of the cell?

Accepted Answer

ATP

Answer

NADH

Answer

FADH2

Answer

ADP

Question 39

The process by which cells synthesize new molecules from simpler precursors is:

Accepted Answer

Anabolism

Answer

Catabolism

Answer

Glycolysis

Answer

Citric Acid Cycle

Question 40

Which of the following enzymes is responsible for catalyzing the first step of glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

Hexokinase

Answer

Phosphofructokinase

Answer

Lactate dehydrogenase

Answer

Pyruvate kinase

Question 41

The Krebs cycle, also known as the citric acid cycle, occurs in which organelle?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Cytoplasm

Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Nucleus

Question 42

Which of the following metabolic processes produces the most ATP molecules?

Accepted Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation

Answer

Glycolysis

Answer

Gluconeogenesis

Answer

Citric Acid Cycle

Question 43

The term 'bioenergetics' refers to the study of:

Accepted Answer

Energy transformations in biological systems

Answer

The regulation of gene expression

Answer

The evolution of cellular processes

Answer

The structure and function of biomolecules

Question 44

Which of the following factors can affect enzyme activity?

Accepted Answer

Temperature

Answer

Age and gender of the organism

Answer

Astrological sign

Answer

Time of day

Question 45

The overall goal of metabolism is to:

Accepted Answer

Maintain homeostasis and provide energy for cellular processes

Answer

Produce waste products and eliminate toxins

Answer

Store genetic information and regulate gene expression