Justice and Equity in Healthcare: A Comprehensive Guide for Advanced Diploma Students

Question 1

Which principle of justice promotes the fair distribution of healthcare resources, ensuring equal access for all individuals?

Accepted Answer

Egalitarianism

Answer

Utilitarianism

Answer

Libertarianism

Answer

Rawlsianism

Question 2

In the context of healthcare justice, which principle emphasizes prioritizing individuals with the greatest unmet needs?

Accepted Answer

Need-based allocation

Answer

Equal access

Answer

Fair treatment

Answer

Population-based distribution

Question 3

Which ethical principle places emphasis on doing good and avoiding harm in healthcare decision-making?

Accepted Answer

Beneficence-nonmaleficence

Answer

Autonomy

Answer

Justice

Answer

Veracity

Question 4

Patient autonomy is the principle that protects a patient's right to:

Accepted Answer

Make informed decisions about their healthcare

Answer

Receive the best possible care

Answer

Be treated with respect and dignity

Answer

Have their cultural beliefs respected

Question 5

The principles of justice and equity in healthcare aim to:

Accepted Answer

Ensure fair distribution of resources and access to services

Answer

Guarantee equal outcomes for all patients

Answer

Eliminate all health disparities

Answer

Prioritize individual needs over population health

Question 6

Which of the following ethical concepts is central to decision-making about resource allocation in healthcare?

Accepted Answer

Utilitarianism

Answer

Deontology

Answer

Virtue ethics

Answer

Kantianism

Question 7

Describe the concept of distributive justice in the context of healthcare.

Accepted Answer

Fair allocation of healthcare resources

Answer

Equal distribution of health outcomes among all individuals

Answer

Prioritizing healthcare based on individual needs

Answer

Providing healthcare to all individuals regardless of financial status

Question 8

Which of the following is a fundamental value of the principle of non-maleficence in healthcare?

Accepted Answer

Avoidance of harm

Answer

Autonomy

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Justice

Question 9

Differentiate between justice and fairness in healthcare.

Accepted Answer

Justice focuses on resource allocation, while fairness focuses on decision-making processes

Answer

Fairness focuses on resource allocation, while justice focuses on decision-making processes

Answer

Justice and fairness are synonyms in the context of healthcare

Answer

There is no distinction between justice and fairness in healthcare

Question 10

In healthcare, which ethical principle ensures the fair distribution of resources and equitable access to services?

Accepted Answer

Justice

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Non-maleficence

Answer

Autonomy

Question 11

Which of the following principles is fundamental to ensuring justice in healthcare?

Accepted Answer

All individuals have equal access to necessary healthcare services.

Answer

Healthcare resources should be allocated solely based on individual merit.

Answer

The wealthy should have priority access to healthcare over the less fortunate.

Answer

Healthcare should be available on a strictly private basis.

Question 12

What is the primary challenge that hinders the achievement of equity in healthcare?

Accepted Answer

Persistent socioeconomic inequalities.

Answer

Inadequate funding for healthcare systems.

Answer

Limited availability of healthcare professionals.

Answer

Discrimination based on race or ethnicity.

Question 13

Which ethical framework encompasses the belief that the best action is the one that produces the most good for the greatest number of people?

Accepted Answer

Utilitarianism

Answer

Deontology

Answer

Virtue ethics

Answer

Kantianism

Question 14

What is the primary objective of distributive justice in the context of healthcare?

Accepted Answer

Prioritizing healthcare access for those who are most vulnerable.

Answer

Ensuring equal distribution of healthcare resources among all individuals.

Answer

Providing the highest quality of care to all patients, regardless of their background.

Answer

Reducing healthcare costs for both individuals and society.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT considered a fundamental ethical value guiding healthcare practices?

Accepted Answer

Equity

Answer

Respect for patient autonomy

Answer

Beneficence (doing good)

Answer

Non-maleficence (avoiding harm)

Question 16

Which principle of distributive justice holds that healthcare resources should be distributed according to individuals' needs?

Accepted Answer

To each according to their need

Answer

To each according to their effort

Answer

To each according to their merit

Answer

To each according to their social status

Question 17

In healthcare resource allocation, which ethical consideration is of paramount importance?

Accepted Answer

Equity

Answer

Efficiency

Answer

Autonomy

Answer

Beneficence

Question 18

Which ethical principle obligates healthcare professionals to prioritize their patients' well-being?

Accepted Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Justice

Answer

Autonomy

Answer

Non-maleficence

Question 19

Which ethical principle emphasizes treating individuals fairly, respecting their rights, and ensuring they are not discriminated against?

Accepted Answer

Justice

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Non-Maleficence

Answer

Autonomy

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a fundamental principle of justice in healthcare, as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO)?

Accepted Answer

Using personal financial status as a primary factor for determining access to healthcare

Answer

Fair distribution of resources

Answer

Access to essential healthcare services based on need

Answer

Prioritizing the most vulnerable populations

Question 21

Which ethical decision-making model places primary emphasis on maximizing the overall benefit to the greatest number of people?

Accepted Answer

Utilitarianism

Answer

Kantianism

Answer

Responsibility ethics

Answer

Virtue ethics

Question 22

In healthcare ethics, the principle of 'non-maleficence' primarily emphasizes the duty to:

Accepted Answer

Avoid causing harm to patients

Answer

Promote and maintain good health

Answer

Respect patient autonomy and decision-making

Answer

Maintain patient confidentiality

Question 23

In the United Kingdom, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) is primarily responsible for:

Accepted Answer

Developing evidence-based guidelines and recommendations for healthcare practice in England and Wales

Answer

Providing funding for healthcare services and infrastructure

Answer

Regulating the healthcare workforce and ensuring professional standards

Answer

Investigating complaints and grievances related to healthcare providers

Question 24

The 'NHS Constitution' in the United Kingdom primarily outlines:

Accepted Answer

The rights and responsibilities of patients, including access to healthcare, dignity, and respect

Answer

The duties and obligations of healthcare professionals, such as maintaining professional standards and providing ethical care

Answer

The funding structure and financial management of the National Health Service (NHS)

Answer

The organizational structure and governance of the NHS, including the roles and responsibilities of different NHS bodies

Question 25

How do the principles of autonomy and informed consent promote justice and equity in healthcare decision-making?

Accepted Answer

Empowering patients to make choices aligned with their values and preferences, ensuring personalized and equitable care.

Answer

Reducing biases and discrimination in the allocation of healthcare resources.

Answer

Guaranteeing equal access to essential medical technologies for all patients.

Answer

Eliminating the need for healthcare professionals to make decisions on behalf of patients.

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT a principle of justice in healthcare?

Accepted Answer

Autonomy

Answer

Equity

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Non-maleficence

Question 27

Which of the following most accurately defines distributive justice in healthcare?

Accepted Answer

Fair distribution of resources and services based on individual need

Answer

Random allocation of resources among patients

Answer

Equal distribution of resources regardless of need

Answer

Priority given to those who can pay the most for healthcare

Question 28

The primary ethical concern regarding equity in healthcare is:

Accepted Answer

Ensuring all individuals have equal opportunities to access and utilize healthcare services

Answer

Protecting the rights of healthcare providers

Answer

Maintaining confidentiality of patient information

Question 29

Healthcare professionals play a crucial role in promoting justice and equity in healthcare by:

Accepted Answer

Advocating for equitable policies, providing culturally sensitive care, and challenging biases

Answer

Enforcing healthcare laws and regulations

Answer

Educating patients about their rights and responsibilities

Question 30

The ethical principle that forms the foundation of informed consent in healthcare is:

Accepted Answer

Autonomy and respect for patient choices

Answer

Justice and fairness

Answer

Beneficence and non-maleficence

Answer

Confidentiality and privacy

Question 31

A common ethical challenge encountered by healthcare professionals when allocating limited healthcare resources is:

Accepted Answer

Balancing the needs of individual patients with the needs of the larger population

Answer

Treating all patients equally regardless of their condition

Answer

Prioritizing those most likely to benefit from the treatment

Question 32

A potential benefit of implementing equity-focused healthcare policies includes:

Accepted Answer

Improved health outcomes for underserved and marginalized populations

Answer

Increased patient satisfaction

Answer

Reduced healthcare costs

Question 33

The role of social determinants of health in promoting justice and equity in healthcare involves:

Accepted Answer

Addressing the underlying social and economic factors that influence health outcomes

Answer

Providing free healthcare to all individuals

Answer

Enforcing healthcare laws and regulations

Question 34

A key principle of ethical decision-making in healthcare includes:

Accepted Answer

Consideration of the potential benefits and harms to all parties involved

Answer

Relying on personal beliefs and values

Answer

Following the advice of more senior colleagues

Question 35

The ultimate goal of promoting justice and equity in healthcare is to ensure:

Accepted Answer

All individuals have the opportunity to achieve optimal health outcomes

Answer

Healthcare costs are minimized

Answer

Patient satisfaction is maximized

Question 36

Which primary principle ensures that healthcare resources are fairly distributed based on individual needs and circumstances?

Accepted Answer

Distributive Justice

Answer

Procedural Justice

Answer

Restorative Justice

Answer

Retributive Justice

Question 37

A healthcare professional is confronted with the ethical dilemma of providing life-saving treatment to a patient who lacks financial means. Which ethical principle should guide their decision-making?

Accepted Answer

Beneficence and Equity

Answer

Veracity and Fidelity

Answer

Non-Maleficence and Justice

Answer

Autonomy and Confidentiality

Question 38

Which of the following is identified as a potential outcome of inequitable healthcare distribution?

Accepted Answer

Increased disparities in health outcomes and social inequalities

Answer

Enhanced patient satisfaction and improved healthcare outcomes

Answer

Reduced healthcare costs and greater efficiency

Question 39

What is the primary role of policymakers in promoting justice and equity in healthcare?

Accepted Answer

Developing policies that address and rectify healthcare disparities and ensure equitable access

Answer

Providing financial incentives to healthcare providers for delivering equitable care

Answer

Enacting laws that penalize healthcare providers for discrimination

Question 40

How can healthcare professionals contribute to fostering justice and equity in their daily practice?

Accepted Answer

By advocating for equitable policies, treating patients with dignity and fairness, and actively working to address bias

Answer

By referring patients to specialized healthcare services only when absolutely necessary

Question 41

How can the principles of justice and equity be applied in the allocation of limited healthcare resources during a health crisis?

Accepted Answer

By prioritizing patients based on their vulnerability, urgent need, and likelihood of benefiting from treatment

Answer

By allocating resources equally to all patients, regardless of their individual circumstances