Drug Classification and Actions: Master Drug Classes and Their Effects

Question 1

A patient presents with fever, headache, and muscle aches. Which drug class and specific drug would be most suitable for this patient?

Accepted Answer

Analgesics - Paracetamol

Answer

Antibiotics - Penicillin

Answer

Antihistamines - Chlorphenamine

Answer

Antipsychotics - Chlorpromazine

Question 2

Which drug administration method results in the fastest onset of action?

Accepted Answer

Intravenous (IV)

Answer

Oral

Answer

Transdermal

Answer

Subcutaneous

Question 3

What is the primary therapeutic use of antibiotics?

Accepted Answer

Treatment of bacterial infections

Answer

Reduction of inflammation

Answer

Relief of pain

Answer

Reduction of blood pressure

Question 4

Which drug class is primarily used to manage anxiety and panic disorders?

Accepted Answer

Benzodiazepines

Answer

Antipsychotics

Answer

Antidepressants

Answer

Opioid analgesics

Question 5

What is the mechanism of action of beta-blockers?

Accepted Answer

Blockade of beta-adrenergic receptors

Answer

Blockade of alpha-adrenergic receptors

Answer

Stimulation of norepinephrine release

Answer

Activation of muscarinic receptors

Question 6

Which of the following is a potential adverse effect commonly associated with corticosteroid use?

Accepted Answer

Hyperglycemia

Answer

Hypotension

Answer

Bradycardia

Answer

Bronchospasm

Question 7

What is the classification of drugs specifically used to lower blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Antihypertensives

Answer

Antiarrhythmics

Answer

Antipsychotics

Answer

Anticoagulants

Question 8

Which of the following drugs is classified as a bronchodilator?

Accepted Answer

Salbutamol

Answer

Propranolol

Answer

Morphine

Answer

Paracetamol

Question 9

What is the primary mechanism of action of opioids?

Accepted Answer

Binding to mu-opioid receptors

Answer

Blockade of dopamine reuptake

Answer

Inhibition of acetylcholine release

Answer

Stimulation of alpha-adrenergic receptors

Question 10

Which of the following substances is classified as a controlled substance under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971?

Accepted Answer

Heroin

Answer

Aspirin

Answer

Ibuprofen

Answer

Paracetamol

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a therapeutic use of cardiovascular drugs?

Accepted Answer

Asthma

Answer

Hypertension

Answer

Arrhythmias

Answer

Heart failure

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a class of drugs based on their mechanism of action?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes

Answer

Agonists

Answer

Antagonists

Answer

Ion channel modulators

Question 13

What type of drug binds to a receptor and produces a similar effect as the natural ligand?

Accepted Answer

Agonist

Answer

Antagonist

Answer

Partial agonist

Answer

Inverse agonist

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)?

Accepted Answer

Fluoxetine

Answer

Paracetamol

Answer

Ibuprofen

Answer

Salbutamol

Question 15

What is the role of the cytochrome P450 system in drug metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Detoxification of drugs

Answer

Activation of prodrugs

Answer

Excretion of drugs

Answer

Storage of drugs

Question 16

What is the primary mechanism of action for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)?

Accepted Answer

Inhibition of cyclooxygenase enzymes

Answer

Stimulation of immune cells

Answer

Blocking of neurotransmitters

Answer

Activation of ion channels

Question 17

What is the primary mechanism of action for beta-blockers?

Accepted Answer

Blocking of beta-adrenergic receptors

Answer

Activation of alpha-adrenergic receptors

Answer

Inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system

Answer

Stimulation of vagus nerve activity

Question 18

Describe the mechanism of action of alkylating agents, a widely used class of anti-cancer drugs.

Accepted Answer

Alkylating agents damage DNA by attaching alkyl groups to purine bases, inhibiting DNA synthesis and cell division.

Answer

Alkylating agents bind to RNA polymerase, interfering with RNA synthesis.

Answer

Alkylating agents disrupt cell division by inhibiting microtubule function.

Answer

Alkylating agents trigger free radical production, causing oxidative damage and cell death.

Question 19

Which medication is used exclusively for treating type 2 diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Metformin

Answer

Aspirin

Answer

Ibuprofen

Answer

Paracetamol

Question 20

Which drug class is primarily indicated for the prevention and treatment of blood clots?

Accepted Answer

Anticoagulants

Answer

Antihistamines

Answer

Anticonvulsants

Answer

Antidepressants

Question 21

Identify the drug that falls under the immunosuppressive drug classification:

Accepted Answer

Cyclosporine

Answer

Paracetamol

Answer

Metformin

Answer

Ibuprofen

Question 22

Which of the following is NOT a classification of drugs based on their therapeutic use?

Accepted Answer

Antipsychotics

Answer

Cardiovascular drugs

Answer

Respiratory drugs

Answer

Drugs for gastrointestinal disorders

Question 23

Drugs that block the action of acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors are known as:

Accepted Answer

Anticholinergics

Answer

Cholinergics

Answer

Adrenergics

Answer

Dopaminergics

Question 24

Which of the following drugs is used to treat hypertension by acting as a vasodilator?

Accepted Answer

Hydralazine

Answer

Warfarin

Answer

Digoxin

Answer

Propranolol

Question 25

Drugs that inhibit the reuptake of neurotransmitters are commonly used to treat:

Accepted Answer

Depression

Answer

Hypertension

Answer

Asthma

Answer

Diabetes

Question 26

Which of the following is a potential side effect of opioid analgesics?

Accepted Answer

Constipation

Answer

Tachycardia

Answer

Hyperglycemia

Answer

Bronchodilation

Question 27

Drugs that stimulate the sympathetic nervous system are known as:

Accepted Answer

Sympathomimetics

Answer

Parasympathomimetics

Answer

Anticholinergics

Answer

Dopamine antagonists

Question 28

Which of the following drugs is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)?

Accepted Answer

Ibuprofen

Answer

Prednisone

Answer

Hydrocortisone

Answer

Salbutamol

Question 29

Drugs that act as agonists at opioid receptors are used to treat:

Accepted Answer

Pain

Answer

Hypertension

Answer

Asthma

Question 30

Which of the following is a potential contraindication for the use of anticoagulants?

Accepted Answer

Active bleeding

Answer

Diabetes

Answer

Hypertension

Answer

Asthma

Question 31

Drugs that enhance the effects of other drugs are known as:

Accepted Answer

Synergists

Answer

Agonists

Answer

Antagonists

Answer

Sensitizers

Question 32

Which class of drugs is used to treat infections caused by protozoa?

Accepted Answer

Antiprotozoals

Answer

Antifungals

Answer

Antivirals

Answer

Antibiotics

Question 33

Which of the following drugs acts as a diuretic, increasing urine output?

Accepted Answer

Furosemide

Answer

Propranolol

Answer

Omeprazole

Answer

Metformin

Question 34

Which type of receptor is primarily targeted by beta-blockers?

Accepted Answer

Beta-adrenergic receptors

Answer

Alpha-adrenergic receptors

Answer

Serotonin receptors

Answer

Dopamine receptors

Question 35

Which of the following is a potential adverse effect associated with long-term corticosteroid use?

Accepted Answer

Cushing's syndrome

Answer

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome

Answer

Guillain-Barré syndrome

Answer

Stevens-Johnson syndrome

Question 36

Which route of drug administration provides the most rapid onset of action?

Accepted Answer

Intravenous

Answer

Transdermal

Answer

Subcutaneous

Answer

Oral

Question 37

What type of drug dosage regimen involves administering a drug at regular intervals throughout the day to maintain a steady drug concentration in the body?

Accepted Answer

Multiple dosing

Answer

Loading dose

Answer

Single dosing

Question 38

Which principle of pharmacology highlights the dual nature of drugs, emphasizing that they can have both beneficial and harmful effects?

Accepted Answer

Principle of duality

Answer

Principle of tolerance

Answer

Principle of efficacy

Answer

Principle of selectivity

Question 39

Which of the following is used to treat Alzheimer's disease by inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase?

Accepted Answer

Donepezil

Answer

Rivaroxaban

Answer

Losartan

Answer

Salbutamol

Question 40

Which drug classification is primarily used to relieve severe pain?

Accepted Answer

Analgesics

Answer

Antihypertensives

Answer

Antihistamines

Answer

Antibiotics

Question 41

Beta-blockers are known to exert their pharmacological effect by:

Accepted Answer

Blocking beta-adrenergic receptors

Answer

Stimulating the central nervous system

Answer

Inhibiting the synthesis of prostaglandins

Answer

Increasing the release of acetylcholine

Question 42

For a patient presenting with a bacterial infection, the most appropriate drug classification to target the infection is:

Accepted Answer

Antibiotics

Answer

Antifungal

Answer

Antipsychotics

Answer

Antivirals

Question 43

Which drug, commonly used to treat depression, belongs to the class of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)?

Accepted Answer

Fluoxetine

Answer

Diazepam

Answer

Amoxicillin

Answer

Ibuprofen

Question 44

Which drug classification is most suitable for managing symptoms of an allergic reaction?

Accepted Answer

Antihistamines

Answer

Anticonvulsants

Answer

Anticoagulants

Answer

Antibiotics

Question 45

Which of the following is an uncommon side effect associated with opioid analgesics?

Accepted Answer

Increased alertness

Answer

Constipation

Answer

Respiratory depression

Answer

Drowsiness

Question 46

For a patient with hypertension, which drug classification is commonly employed to lower blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Antihypertensives

Answer

Anti-inflammatory

Answer

Antidepressants

Answer

Antivirals

Question 47

Diuretics exert their primary pharmacological effect by:

Accepted Answer

Increasing urine production

Answer

Blocking histamine receptors

Answer

Stimulating the release of insulin

Answer

Inhibiting the production of clotting factors

Question 48

In the treatment of a fungal infection, the most appropriate drug classification to target the causative agent is:

Accepted Answer

Antifungal

Answer

Antipsychotic

Answer

Antiviral

Answer

Antibacterial

Question 49

Which drug classification is primarily used to control seizures?

Accepted Answer

Anticonvulsants

Answer

Antihistamines

Answer

Anti-inflammatory

Answer

Antidepressants