Respiratory System: Anatomy, Physiology, and Gas Exchange

Question 1

What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Exchange gases between the blood and the environment

Answer

Provide a protective barrier against pathogens

Answer

Regulate body temperature

Answer

Filter foreign particles from the air

Question 2

What is the mechanism by which gases move between the blood and the alveoli?

Accepted Answer

Diffusion

Answer

Osmosis

Answer

Filtration

Answer

Active transport

Question 3

What is the main function of surfactant in the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Reduces surface tension in the alveoli, preventing collapse

Answer

Increases the rate of gas exchange

Answer

Protects the lungs from infection

Answer

Facilitates the movement of mucus in the airways

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of respiratory distress?

Accepted Answer

Raised blood pressure

Answer

Shortness of breath

Answer

Wheezing

Answer

Cyanosis

Question 5

What is the purpose of chest auscultation?

Accepted Answer

To listen to sounds produced by the lungs and airways for diagnostic purposes

Answer

To assess the size and shape of the chest cavity

Answer

To detect the presence of fluid in the lungs

Answer

To measure lung volumes

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Blood filtration

Answer

Gas exchange

Answer

Temperature regulation

Answer

Acid-base balance

Question 7

The site of gas exchange in the respiratory system is the:

Accepted Answer

Alveoli

Answer

Trachea

Answer

Bronchi

Answer

Pleural cavity

Question 8

Which of the following muscle groups are responsible for inhalation?

Accepted Answer

Diaphragm and intercostal muscles

Answer

Abdominal and intercostal muscles

Answer

Diaphragm and abdominal muscles

Answer

Intercostal muscles and quadriceps

Question 9

The process by which oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the lungs is:

Accepted Answer

Diffusion

Answer

Osmosis

Answer

Active transport

Answer

Filtration

Question 10

In the alveoli, the partial pressure of oxygen is:

Accepted Answer

Higher than in the blood

Answer

Lower than in the blood

Answer

Equal to in the blood

Answer

Dependent on age

Question 11

The primary function of the respiratory centre in the brainstem is to:

Accepted Answer

Control breathing

Answer

Control heart rate

Answer

Regulate blood pressure

Answer

Process sensory information

Question 12

The process of breathing out is termed:

Accepted Answer

Expiration

Answer

Inspiration

Answer

Diffusion

Answer

Osmosis

Question 13

How does smoking directly impact the structure and function of the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Impairs mucociliary clearance by damaging cilia and increasing mucus production.

Answer

Increases the efficiency of gas exchange in the alveoli.

Answer

Weakens the diaphragm.

Answer

Increases respiratory rate and decreases tidal volume.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Reproduction

Answer

Gas exchange

Answer

Regulation of pH

Answer

Thermoregulation

Question 15

The main site of gas exchange in the lungs is the:

Accepted Answer

Alveoli

Answer

Bronchi

Answer

Bronchioles

Answer

Larynx

Question 16

During gas exchange in the alveoli, the partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli is:

Accepted Answer

Higher than in the blood

Answer

Lower than in the blood

Answer

Equal to that in the blood

Answer

Zero

Question 17

The process by which oxygen binds to haemoglobin in red blood cells is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Oxygenation

Answer

Deoxygenation

Answer

Diffusion

Answer

Respiration

Question 18

Which of the following is a common respiratory disorder characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways?

Accepted Answer

Asthma

Answer

Emphysema

Answer

Pneumonia

Answer

Tuberculosis

Question 19

The volume of air moved in and out of the lungs with each normal breath is called the:

Accepted Answer

Tidal volume

Answer

Inspiratory reserve volume

Answer

Expiratory reserve volume

Answer

Residual volume

Question 20

Which type of respiratory failure is characterized by an inability to exhale effectively?

Accepted Answer

Obstructive

Answer

Restrictive

Answer

Mixed

Answer

Chronic

Question 21

The primary function of the surfactant in the lungs is to:

Accepted Answer

Reduce surface tension

Answer

Increase surface tension

Answer

Promote gas exchange

Answer

Prevent lung collapse

Question 22

What is the primary role of the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Exchanging gases

Answer

Eliminating waste

Answer

Regulating temperature

Answer

Producing hormones

Question 23

Which lung structure facilitates gas exchange?

Accepted Answer

Alveoli

Answer

Trachea

Answer

Bronchi

Answer

Larynx

Question 24

Which characteristic is associated with emphysema?

Accepted Answer

Alveolar wall destruction

Answer

Airway inflammation

Answer

Bronchial narrowing

Answer

Increased mucus secretion

Question 25

Which non-invasive method is commonly used to evaluate lung function?

Accepted Answer

Spirometry

Answer

Bronchoscopy

Answer

Pulmonary angiography

Answer

Lung biopsy

Question 26

How does an increase in lung capacity impact respiratory efficiency?

Accepted Answer

Improved ventilation-perfusion matching

Answer

Decreased oxygen delivery

Answer

Increased respiratory rate

Answer

Reduced carbon dioxide removal

Question 27

What is the main function of the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Exchanging gases with the environment

Answer

Regulating body temperature

Answer

Filtering toxins from the blood

Answer

Producing hormones

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Nutrient absorption

Answer

Gas exchange

Answer

Production of sound

Answer

Regulation of blood pH

Question 29

Where does the primary exchange of gases occur in the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Alveoli

Answer

Trachea

Answer

Bronchi

Answer

Pleural cavity

Question 30

Which of the following muscles is primarily responsible for inhalation?

Accepted Answer

Diaphragm

Answer

Biceps brachii

Answer

Deltoid

Answer

Gluteus maximus

Question 31

Which part of the brainstem is the primary respiratory control center?

Accepted Answer

Medulla oblongata

Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Thalamus

Answer

Hypothalamus

Question 32

Which gas is predominantly exhaled during respiration?

Accepted Answer

Carbon dioxide

Answer

Oxygen

Answer

Nitrogen

Question 33

Which respiratory disorder is characterized by chronic inflammation of the airways?

Accepted Answer

Asthma

Answer

Arthritis

Answer

Diabetes mellitus

Answer

Cardiomyopathy

Question 34

What is the name of the membrane that lines the lungs and the chest cavity, creating a pleural space?

Accepted Answer

Pleura

Answer

Meninges

Answer

Endocardium

Answer

Peritoneum

Question 35

Which factor contributes to an increased respiratory rate?

Accepted Answer

Exercise

Answer

Sedation

Answer

Sleep

Answer

Hypothermia

Question 36

What are the tiny, hair-like structures in the respiratory tract that help clear foreign particles?

Accepted Answer

Cilia

Answer

Flagella

Answer

Villi

Answer

Microvilli

Question 37

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Excretion of sweat

Answer

Regulation of body pH through the removal of carbon dioxide

Answer

Voice production

Answer

Gas exchange

Question 38

Which part of the respiratory system is primarily responsible for filtering, warming, and moistening inhaled air?

Accepted Answer

Nasopharynx

Answer

Thoracic cavity

Answer

Alveoli

Answer

Trachea

Question 39

Which of the following muscles is the primary muscle of inspiration?

Accepted Answer

Diaphragm

Answer

Intercostal muscles

Answer

Abdominal muscles

Answer

Scalene muscles

Question 40

What is the approximate partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli?

Accepted Answer

100 mmHg

Answer

Varies significantly depending on respiratory rate

Answer

10 mmHg

Answer

40 mmHg

Question 41

Which of the following factors does NOT typically affect respiratory rate?

Accepted Answer

Age

Answer

Body temperature

Answer

Exercise

Answer

Stress

Question 42

Difficulty breathing is commonly referred to by which medical term?

Accepted Answer

Dyspnea

Answer

Bradypnea

Answer

Tachypnea

Question 43

Which of the following is a well-established risk factor for developing lung cancer?

Accepted Answer

Smoking

Answer

Healthy diet

Answer

Exercise

Answer

Family history of asthma

Question 44

The muscular structure that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities is known as the:

Accepted Answer

Diaphragm

Answer

Pleura

Answer

Pericardium

Answer

Peritoneum

Question 45

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cilia in the respiratory tract?

Accepted Answer

Secreting mucus

Answer

Moving mucus towards the throat

Answer

Trapping foreign particles