Neoplasia: A Comprehensive Guide to Tumors for Healthcare Professionals

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a defining characteristic of benign tumors?

Accepted Answer

Ability to metastasize

Answer

Slow, non-invasive growth

Answer

Well-differentiated, resembling normal cells

Answer

Localized to the site of origin

Question 2

The term that describes the transformation of normal cells into cancer cells is:

Accepted Answer

Carcinogenesis

Answer

Metaplasia

Answer

Differentiation

Answer

Apoptosis

Question 3

Which of these cell division processes can contribute to the accumulation of genetic abnormalities associated with cancer development?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis with chromosomal instability

Answer

Mitosis without chromosomal errors

Answer

Meiosis

Answer

Programmed cell death

Question 4

The TNM staging system classifies tumors based on:

Accepted Answer

Tumor size, lymph node involvement, and presence of distant metastases

Answer

Cell type, grade, and proliferative rate

Answer

Genetic mutations, epigenetic modifications, and protein expression

Answer

Patient age, gender, and general health status

Question 5

The term 'tumor grade' primarily refers to:

Accepted Answer

The level of cellular differentiation and the aggressiveness of the tumor

Answer

The size and anatomical location of the tumor

Answer

The response of the tumor to specific treatments

Answer

The stage of disease progression

Question 6

Which of these factors poses the most significant risk for developing lung cancer?

Accepted Answer

Chronic tobacco smoking

Answer

Excessive alcohol consumption

Answer

Obesity and physical inactivity

Answer

Exposure to ionizing radiation

Question 7

The process by which cancer cells spread to distant parts of the body is known as:

Accepted Answer

Metastasis

Answer

Invasion

Answer

Angiogenesis

Answer

Necrosis

Question 8

Which feature is unique to malignant tumors compared to benign tumors?

Accepted Answer

Ability to spread to distant body sites (metastasize)

Answer

Slow and controlled growth

Answer

Well-differentiated cells with specialized functions

Answer

Enclosed by a fibrous capsule

Question 9

Why is tumor staging essential when choosing a cancer patient's treatment plan?

Accepted Answer

Staging helps doctors decide which treatments to use, like surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy.

Answer

Tumor staging only tells us the tumor's size and exact location.

Answer

Tumor staging doesn't affect a patient's chances of recovery.

Answer

Staging is only done after a patient has had surgery.

Question 10

What is the term for the abnormal growth of benign tumors?

Accepted Answer

Hyperplasia

Answer

Dysplasia

Answer

Metaplasia

Answer

Anaplasia

Question 11

What is the process by which normal cells transform into cancer cells called?

Accepted Answer

Oncogenesis

Answer

Metastasis

Answer

Apoptosis

Answer

Differentiation

Question 12

What is the name of the surgical procedure used to remove a tumor?

Accepted Answer

Excision

Answer

Biopsy

Answer

Radiation therapy

Answer

Chemotherapy

Question 13

How does tumor grading assist in the clinical management of cancer patients?

Accepted Answer

Tumor grading helps predict the prognosis and metastatic potential of a tumor.

Answer

Tumor grading is solely applicable to benign tumors.

Answer

Tumor grading lacks practical significance in clinical practice.

Question 14

Which of the following is a characteristic of benign tumors?

Accepted Answer

Well-differentiated cells

Answer

Rapid cell growth

Answer

Invasive growth into surrounding tissues

Answer

Ability to spread to distant sites (metastasis)

Question 15

Distinctive feature of benign tumors is

Accepted Answer

Slow and expansive localized growth pattern

Answer

Rapid growth rate

Answer

Capacity to invade other tissues

Question 16

Which type of neoplasm has uncontrolled cell division and can spread to distant sites?

Accepted Answer

Malignant tumor

Answer

Benign tumor

Answer

Pre-malignant tumor

Answer

Hyperplasia

Question 17

Oncogenesis refers to the process of

Accepted Answer

Transforming normal cells into cancer cells

Answer

Suppressing tumor growth

Answer

Promoting cell differentiation

Answer

Spreading of cancer cells to distant sites

Question 18

Which oncogene promotes uncontrolled cell growth by encoding a mutated

Accepted Answer

Growth factor receptor

Answer

Tumor suppressor protein

Answer

Cell cycle inhibitor

Answer

DNA repair enzyme

Question 19

Tumor suppressor genes primarily function to

Accepted Answer

Control cell growth and prevent uncontrolled proliferation

Answer

Activate oncogenes and promote cell division

Answer

Induce apoptosis and eliminate damaged cells

Answer

Repair damaged DNA and prevent mutations

Question 20

Metastasis is the process of

Accepted Answer

Cancer cells spreading beyond the primary tumor to establish secondary tumors at distant sites

Answer

Immune system recognizing and eliminating cancer cells

Answer

Cancer cells acquiring mutations and becoming malignant

Answer

Benign tumors transitioning into malignant tumors

Question 21

A significant risk factor contributing to cancer development is

Accepted Answer

Tobacco smoking

Answer

Moderate consumption of alcohol

Answer

Regular physical activity

Answer

Adherence to a balanced diet

Question 22

Cancer screening programs aim primarily to

Accepted Answer

Detect cancer at an early and treatable stage

Answer

Provide treatment for advanced-stage cancers

Answer

Prevent cancer from developing

Answer

Monitor the progression of established cancers

Question 23

A common treatment modality for cancer that utilizes high-energy radiation to eliminate cancer cells is

Accepted Answer

Radiotherapy

Answer

Chemotherapy

Answer

Immunotherapy

Answer

Surgery

Question 24

Neoplasia refers to what condition?

Accepted Answer

Abnormal cell growth

Answer

Inflammation

Answer

Genetic mutation

Answer

Cell death

Question 25

Which of the following is a type of malignant tumor?

Accepted Answer

Carcinoma

Answer

Hemangioma

Answer

Lipoma

Answer

Fibroma

Question 26

The molecular basis of cancer is often attributed primarily to:

Accepted Answer

Proto-oncogene activation

Answer

Viral contamination

Answer

Bacterial infection

Answer

Vitamin deficiencies

Question 27

Which of the following is a recognized risk factor for developing cancer?

Accepted Answer

Exposure to carcinogens

Answer

Healthy diet

Answer

Strong immune system

Answer

Regular exercise

Question 28

The transformation of normal cells into cancerous cells is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Carcinogenesis

Answer

Metastasis

Answer

Differentiation

Answer

Apoptosis

Question 29

The standard treatment for cancer often involves a combination of:

Accepted Answer

Surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy

Answer

Lifestyle changes and stress management

Answer

Alternative medicine and herbal remedies

Answer

Antibiotics and painkillers

Question 30

Which of the following is a common early warning sign of cancer?

Accepted Answer

Unexplained weight loss

Answer

Runny nose

Answer

Nausea

Answer

Headache

Question 31

The prognosis for cancer patients depends primarily on:

Accepted Answer

Type of cancer, stage of diagnosis, and overall health

Answer

Age and gender

Answer

Socioeconomic status

Question 32

Which of the following is a defining characteristic of benign tumors?

Accepted Answer

Localized growth without invasion

Answer

Rapid growth with metastases

Answer

Dedifferentiated cells and loss of tissue architecture

Answer

Infiltration of surrounding tissues

Question 33

Histologically, anaplasia is characterized by:

Accepted Answer

Loss of cell differentiation and increased mitotic activity

Answer

Well-defined borders and slow growth

Answer

Encapsulation and absence of necrosis

Question 34

Which type of gene promotes uncontrolled cell division in cancer?

Accepted Answer

Oncogene

Answer

Cell cycle regulator

Answer

DNA repair gene

Answer

Tumor suppressor gene

Question 35

Which of the following is a well-established risk factor for developing cancer?

Accepted Answer

Smoking

Answer

Adequate sleep

Answer

Regular exercise

Answer

Healthy diet

Question 36

Which tumor staging system is commonly used in clinical practice?

Accepted Answer

TNM

Answer

ABCD

Answer

I-IV

Question 37

Which of the following is a primary treatment option for cancer?

Accepted Answer

Surgery

Answer

Vitamin supplements

Answer

Meditation

Question 38

Cancer that originates in blood-forming tissues is known as:

Accepted Answer

Leukemia

Answer

Carcinoma

Answer

Sarcoma

Answer

Glioma

Question 39

Which molecular mechanism plays a critical role in cancer development?

Accepted Answer

DNA mutation

Answer

Hormonal regulation

Answer

Immune response

Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 40

Which of the following is an example of a cancer screening test?

Accepted Answer

Mammogram

Answer

Blood pressure measurement

Answer

Eye examination

Answer

Dental checkup