Drug Absorption: A Comprehensive Guide for Pharmacology Students

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a factor that affects drug absorption?

Accepted Answer

Patient's age

Answer

Dosage form

Answer

Physicochemical properties of the drug

Answer

Route of administration

Question 2

Which route of administration results in the fastest drug absorption?

Accepted Answer

Intravenous injection

Answer

Oral administration

Answer

Subcutaneous injection

Answer

Transdermal patch

Question 3

What term describes the fraction of an administered drug that reaches the bloodstream intact?

Accepted Answer

Biological availability

Answer

Pharmacokinetic profile

Answer

Half-life

Answer

Volume of distribution

Question 4

What mechanism is primarily responsible for the absorption of lipid-soluble drugs across cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

Diffusion

Answer

Active transport

Answer

Facilitated diffusion

Answer

Pinocytosis

Question 5

What is the primary function of efflux pumps in drug absorption?

Accepted Answer

To excrete drugs from cells

Answer

To increase drug uptake

Answer

To enhance bioavailability

Answer

To bind to drug molecules

Question 6

What is the primary determinant of drug absorption from an intramuscular injection site?

Accepted Answer

Blood flow to the injection site

Answer

Lipid solubility of the drug

Answer

pH of the injection site

Answer

Molecular weight of the drug

Question 7

Which of the following is the most precise description of a route of drug administration?

Accepted Answer

The path by which a drug enters the body

Answer

The form in which a drug is given

Answer

The frequency with which a drug is administered

Answer

The duration of time a drug is taken

Question 8

Bioavailability specifically refers to the:

Accepted Answer

Percentage of drug that reaches the systemic circulation unchanged

Answer

Time taken for a drug to produce its intended therapeutic effect

Answer

Rate at which a drug is absorbed into the bloodstream

Answer

Amount of drug that is excreted unchanged in urine

Question 9

Which of the following accurately describes the primary mechanism of drug absorption through the skin?

Accepted Answer

Diffusion

Answer

Active transport

Answer

Osmosis

Answer

Filtration

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a potential complication associated with parenteral drug administration?

Accepted Answer

Constipation

Answer

Infection

Answer

Nerve damage

Answer

Hematoma

Question 11

How does first-pass metabolism impact drug bioavailability?

Accepted Answer

Reduces bioavailability

Answer

Increases bioavailability

Answer

Has no effect on bioavailability

Answer

Increases drug toxicity

Question 12

Design an experiment using an in vitro model to investigate the effect of pH on drug absorption.

Accepted Answer

Use a cell culture model and change the pH of the culture medium.

Answer

Give the drug to animals and measure the amount of drug in their blood.

Answer

Use computer models to simulate drug absorption at different pH levels.

Answer

Measure the pH of different body fluids and compare it to data on drug absorption.

Question 13

Which route of administration allows for the most rapid drug absorption, bypassing the first-pass effect?

Accepted Answer

Intravenous

Answer

Oral

Answer

Intramuscular

Answer

Transdermal

Question 14

A patient is prescribed a medication with a bioavailability of 70%. If they take a 400 mg dose, how much of the drug will be available in the systemic circulation?

Accepted Answer

280 mg

Answer

140 mg

Answer

400 mg

Answer

560 mg

Question 15

An antibiotic is taken orally by a patient with a full stomach. How does the presence of food in the stomach generally affect the absorption of the antibiotic?

Accepted Answer

Increased absorption due to slower gastric emptying

Answer

Decreased absorption due to reduced gastric acidity

Answer

No significant change in absorption

Answer

The effect is unpredictable

Question 16

A patient is experiencing persistent diarrhea while taking an oral medication. How might this affect the absorption of the drug?

Accepted Answer

Decreased absorption due to reduced contact time with the intestinal lining

Answer

Increased absorption due to accelerated intestinal transit

Answer

No significant impact on absorption

Answer

The impact is unpredictable

Question 17

Which route of administration provides the fastest drug absorption?

Accepted Answer

Intravenous

Answer

Oral

Answer

Subcutaneous

Answer

Transdermal

Question 18

What is the term for the percentage of an administered drug that reaches the systemic circulation?

Accepted Answer

Bioavailability

Answer

Pharmacokinetics

Answer

Pharmacodynamics

Answer

Metabolism

Question 19

Which of the following characteristics would contribute to high bioavailability of a drug?

Accepted Answer

Lipophilic and low molecular weight

Answer

Hydrophilic and high molecular weight

Answer

Extensively metabolized in the liver

Answer

Poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract

Question 20

What is the primary function of efflux transporters in drug absorption?

Accepted Answer

To actively pump drugs out of cells, potentially reducing absorption

Answer

To facilitate the entry of drugs into cells

Answer

To only operate within the blood-brain barrier

Answer

To have no role in drug absorption

Question 21

What is the term for the metabolism of a drug before it enters the systemic circulation?

Accepted Answer

First-pass effect

Answer

Rapid absorption

Answer

Drug distribution

Answer

Drug elimination

Question 22

Which route of administration results in the most rapid onset of action?

Accepted Answer

Intravenous administration

Answer

Oral administration

Answer

Subcutaneous injection

Answer

Transdermal administration

Question 23

What is the primary mechanism by which drugs cross biological membranes?

Accepted Answer

Passive diffusion

Answer

Active transport

Answer

Facilitated diffusion

Answer

Endocytosis

Question 24

Which of the following factors does NOT affect the rate of drug absorption?

Accepted Answer

Patient's weight

Answer

Surface area of the absorbing membrane

Answer

Lipophilicity of the drug

Answer

pH of the surrounding environment

Question 25

What is the term used to describe the proportion of an administered drug that reaches the systemic circulation?

Accepted Answer

Bioavailability

Answer

Absorption rate

Answer

Half-life

Answer

Volume of distribution

Question 26

Which of the following statements about drug absorption is accurate?

Accepted Answer

Food in the stomach can delay drug absorption.

Answer

Active transport is always more efficient than passive diffusion.

Answer

Drugs can only be absorbed in their ionized form.

Answer

Transdermal drug delivery is unaffected by skin thickness.

Question 27

What is the function of intestinal efflux transporters?

Accepted Answer

To prevent drugs from entering the systemic circulation

Answer

To transport drugs from the bloodstream into the intestine

Answer

To facilitate the absorption of essential nutrients

Answer

To protect intestinal cells from harmful substances

Question 28

What is the main reason for administering medications intravenously?

Accepted Answer

Rapid and predictable onset of action

Answer

Bypass of the gastrointestinal tract

Answer

Avoidance of first-pass metabolism

Answer

Improved patient adherence

Question 29

Which route of drug administration results in the most rapid absorption?

Accepted Answer

Intravenous

Answer

Oral

Answer

Subcutaneous

Answer

Transdermal

Question 30

The primary mechanism for drug absorption across the gastrointestinal tract is:

Accepted Answer

Passive diffusion

Answer

Facilitated diffusion

Answer

Active transport

Answer

Pinocytosis

Question 31

The primary purpose of utilizing sustained-release formulations is to:

Accepted Answer

Extend therapeutic effects

Answer

Reduce side effects

Answer

Enhance drug absorption

Answer

Mask the unpleasant taste of a drug

Question 32

Which of the following liver enzymes plays a crucial role in drug metabolism?

Accepted Answer

CYP450

Answer

Alcohol Dehydrogenase

Answer

Acetylcholinesterase

Answer

Renin

Question 33

Drug transporters primarily function by:

Accepted Answer

Facilitating drug movement across biological membranes

Answer

Inactivating drugs

Answer

Storing drugs

Answer

Excreting drugs

Question 34

Which outcome is NOT a potential consequence of poor drug absorption?

Accepted Answer

Improved patient adherence

Answer

Diminished therapeutic efficacy

Answer

Increased risk of adverse effects

Answer

Delayed onset of action

Question 35

In drug development, how should we balance ethical principles and regulatory frameworks when modifying drug absorption properties?

Accepted Answer

Ethical considerations and scientific advancements must be balanced when developing drugs with modified absorption profiles.

Answer

Researchers have absolute freedom to alter drug absorption without regard for ethics.

Answer

Regulatory bodies should focus solely on drug effectiveness, ignoring ethical concerns.

Answer

Patients should not be involved in decisions about drugs with altered absorption profiles.

Question 36

For a drug that dissolves easily in water and has a small size, which route of administration would lead to the fastest absorption into the bloodstream?

Accepted Answer

Intravenous injection

Answer

Oral administration

Answer

Rectal administration

Answer

Transdermal patch

Question 37

Which route of drug administration allows the drug to bypass first-pass metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Intravenous injection

Answer

Subcutaneous injection

Answer

Intramuscular injection

Answer

Oral ingestion

Question 38

What is the definition of bioavailability in the context of drug administration?

Accepted Answer

The proportion of the administered drug dose that reaches the systemic circulation

Answer

The time it takes for the drug to reach its peak concentration in the body

Answer

The maximum concentration of the drug in the bloodstream

Question 39

Which primary advantage is associated with administering drugs via inhalation?

Accepted Answer

Rapid absorption into the bloodstream

Answer

Convenience of administration

Answer

Avoidance of first-pass metabolism

Answer

Low cost of administration

Question 40

Among the following drugs, which one is most likely to be absorbed through the skin?

Accepted Answer

Nicotine

Answer

Warfarin

Answer

Aspirin

Answer

Insulin

Question 41

What is the function of P-glycoprotein in relation to drug absorption?

Accepted Answer

To actively transport drugs out of cells, reducing their bioavailability

Answer

To metabolize drugs

Answer

To facilitate the transport of drugs into cells

Question 42

In the small intestine, which mechanism is primarily responsible for drug absorption?

Accepted Answer

Passive diffusion

Answer

Osmosis

Answer

Facilitated diffusion

Answer

Active transport