Thermodynamics: Interactive Learning Quizzes for Advanced Diploma in Healthcare

Question 1

According to the Second Law of Thermodynamics, which statement is true?

Accepted Answer

The entropy of an isolated system always increases over time.

Answer

Heat naturally flows from colder objects to warmer objects.

Answer

Heat engines can convert all heat energy into mechanical work without any losses.

Answer

Refrigerators can cool objects without consuming any energy.

Question 2

Which of the following accurately describes the first law of thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

The internal energy variation of a closed system corresponds to the difference between the heat absorbed and the work performed by the system.

Answer

Thermal energy cannot be created or destroyed.

Answer

The total entropy of a closed system perpetually escalates.

Answer

Heat naturally flows from objects at lower temperatures to those at higher temperatures.

Question 3

In a refrigeration system, what is the function of the condenser?

Accepted Answer

Condenses the refrigerant from a gas to a liquid

Answer

Vaporizes the refrigerant from a liquid to a gas

Answer

Expands the refrigerant

Answer

Compresses the refrigerant

Question 4

Identify the key distinction between a heat pump and an air conditioner:

Accepted Answer

A heat pump can both heat and cool, while an air conditioner only cools.

Answer

An air conditioner can both heat and cool, while a heat pump only heats.

Answer

Heat pumps use refrigerants, whereas air conditioners do not.

Answer

Air conditioners use compressors, while heat pumps do not.

Question 5

What is the definition of the adiabatic lapse rate?

Accepted Answer

The rate of temperature decrease with altitude in a dry adiabatic process

Answer

The rate of temperature decrease with altitude in a moist adiabatic process

Answer

The rate of pressure decrease with altitude

Answer

The rate of volume decrease with pressure increase

Question 6

Which of the following is considered a reversible process?

Accepted Answer

A process that can be restored to its initial state by reversing its path

Answer

A process that cannot be restored to its initial state by reversing its path

Answer

A process that increases entropy

Answer

A process that decreases entropy

Question 7

Entropy is a measure of:

Accepted Answer

Disorder or randomness within a system

Answer

Thermal energy within a system

Answer

Mechanical energy within a system

Answer

Temperature within a system

Question 8

State the ideal gas law equation:

Accepted Answer

PV = nRT

Answer

P/T = nV

Answer

V/T = nR

Answer

P/V = nT

Question 9

Which of the following is a refrigeration cycle used in air conditioning systems?

Accepted Answer

Rankine cycle

Answer

Brayton cycle

Answer

Otto cycle

Answer

Carnot cycle

Question 10

What is the primary function of the condenser in an air conditioning system?

Accepted Answer

To release heat from the refrigerant

Answer

To absorb heat from the refrigerant

Answer

To compress the refrigerant

Answer

To expand the refrigerant

Question 11

What is the significance of the zeroth law of thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

It defines thermal equilibrium.

Answer

It states that entropy is conserved.

Answer

It describes the behavior of heat flow.

Answer

It relates temperature to pressure.

Question 12

Which of the following processes is an isobaric process?

Accepted Answer

Heating water in a sealed container

Answer

Expanding a gas in a cylinder

Answer

Performing work on a gas

Answer

Cooling a gas

Question 13

What is the key distinction between heat and internal energy?

Accepted Answer

Heat is a form of energy that can be transferred, while internal energy is a property of a system.

Answer

Internal energy is a form of energy that can be transferred, while heat is a property of a system.

Answer

Heat and internal energy are the same concept.

Answer

Heat and internal energy are only related at extremely high temperatures.

Question 14

What is the Carnot cycle primarily known for?

Accepted Answer

Being an idealized heat engine operating between two reservoirs

Answer

Being a refrigeration cycle used in air conditioning systems

Answer

Being a power cycle used in internal combustion engines

Answer

Being a thermodynamic cycle used in steam turbines

Question 15

According to the first law of thermodynamics, which statement is accurate?

Accepted Answer

The total energy of an isolated system remains constant.

Answer

Energy can be both created and destroyed.

Answer

Heat cannot be transformed into work.

Answer

Entropy consistently decreases in an isolated system.

Question 16

The primary function of a heat engine is to convert:

Accepted Answer

Heat into work.

Answer

Work into heat.

Answer

Work into entropy.

Answer

Entropy into heat.

Question 17

Which factor primarily determines the efficiency of a Carnot engine?

Accepted Answer

The temperature difference between the heat source and sink.

Answer

The temperature of the heat source only.

Answer

The temperature of the heat sink only.

Answer

The volume of gas present in the engine.

Question 18

The thermodynamic property that quantifies the system's disorder is:

Accepted Answer

Entropy

Answer

Enthalpy

Answer

Internal energy

Answer

Free energy

Question 19

Which process among the following is considered isothermal?

Accepted Answer

Ice transforming into water

Answer

Water vaporizing

Answer

Gas compressing adiabatically

Answer

Gas expanding freely

Question 20

For which type of reaction is the change in Gibbs free energy (ΔG) negative?

Accepted Answer

Exothermic reaction with increasing entropy

Answer

Exothermic reaction with decreasing entropy

Answer

Endothermic reaction with increasing entropy

Answer

Endothermic reaction with decreasing entropy

Question 21

Which practical application utilizes the principles of the second law of thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

Refrigerators

Answer

Electric motors

Answer

Steam turbines

Answer

Solar panels

Question 22

The specific heat capacity of a substance is defined as:

Accepted Answer

The quantity of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of the substance by 1 K.

Answer

The rate at which heat is transferred to or from a substance.

Answer

The temperature at which a substance undergoes a phase change.

Answer

The energy stored within a substance per unit mass.

Question 23

The latent heat of vaporization represents the amount of heat required to:

Accepted Answer

Convert 1 kg of liquid into a gas at its boiling point.

Answer

Convert 1 kg of solid into a liquid at its melting point.

Answer

Increase the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1 K.

Answer

Cool 1 kg of gas by 1 K.

Question 24

Which statement is NOT a law of thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

Heat can spontaneously flow from a cold object to a hot object.

Answer

The total entropy of an isolated system can never decrease.

Answer

No heat engine can be 100% efficient.

Answer

Energy can neither be created nor destroyed.

Question 25

Which type of refrigerant is most commonly used in modern air conditioning systems?

Accepted Answer

Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)

Answer

Carbon dioxide

Answer

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

Answer

Ammonia

Question 26

What is the primary function of the condenser in an air conditioning system?

Accepted Answer

To condense the refrigerant

Answer

To evaporate the refrigerant

Answer

To expand the refrigerant

Answer

To compress the refrigerant

Question 27

Which of the following processes is considered reversible?

Accepted Answer

The expansion of an ideal gas

Answer

The conduction of heat through a metal rod

Answer

The burning of fuel

Answer

The melting of ice

Question 28

How is entropy related to disorder?

Accepted Answer

Entropy increases as disorder increases.

Answer

Entropy decreases as disorder increases.

Answer

Entropy is independent of disorder.

Answer

Entropy is inversely proportional to disorder.

Question 29

Which type of thermodynamic system can exchange both energy and matter with its surroundings?

Accepted Answer

Open system

Answer

Closed system

Answer

Isolated system

Answer

Reversible system

Question 30

What is the mathematical expression for the second law of thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

dS ≥ 0

Answer

dU = TdS

Answer

PV = nRT

Answer

W = Fd

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an ideal gas?

Accepted Answer

Particles experience strong attractive forces.

Answer

Particles have negligible volume.

Answer

Particles move randomly and collide elastically.

Answer

Particles are assumed to be point masses.

Question 32

State the first law of thermodynamics.

Accepted Answer

Energy cannot be created or destroyed.

Answer

Entropy always decreases in an isolated system.

Answer

The total amount of energy in the universe is constant.

Answer

Heat always flows from colder objects to hotter objects.

Question 33

What is the primary function of a condenser in a refrigeration system?

Accepted Answer

Release heat to the environment

Answer

Absorb heat from the refrigerant

Answer

Compress the refrigerant

Answer

Expand the refrigerant

Question 34

State the First Law of Thermodynamics.

Accepted Answer

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or transformed.

Answer

Heat flows from hot to cold objects.

Answer

Entropy always increases in closed systems.

Question 35

Identify the type of thermodynamic system that can exchange both heat and matter with its surroundings.

Accepted Answer

Open system

Answer

Isolated system

Answer

Closed system

Answer

Adiabatic system

Question 36

Explain the entropy change of a closed system undergoing a reversible process.

Accepted Answer

Zero

Answer

Negative

Answer

Positive

Question 37

Describe the function of a condenser in a refrigeration system.

Accepted Answer

To release heat from the refrigerant

Answer

To evaporate the refrigerant

Answer

To compress the refrigerant

Answer

To cool the refrigerant

Question 38

Identify the defining characteristic of an adiabatic process.

Accepted Answer

No heat transfer between the system and the surroundings

Answer

Constant volume

Answer

Constant temperature

Question 39

State the mathematical relationship between the change in internal energy of a closed system and the heat added to the system.

Accepted Answer

ΔU = Q - W

Answer

ΔU = Q + W

Answer

ΔU = -Q + W

Answer

ΔU = -Q - W

Question 40

Which of the following is NOT a factor that influences the efficiency of a heat engine?

Accepted Answer

Cost of construction

Answer

Type of working fluid

Answer

Friction and other losses

Answer

Temperature of the hot and cold reservoirs