Master Endocrine Disorders: Physiology for Healthcare Professionals

Question 1

Which of the following is **NOT** a classic symptom of type 1 diabetes mellitus?

Accepted Answer

Abdominal pain and cramping

Answer

Excessive thirst (polydipsia)

Answer

Frequent urination (polyuria)

Answer

Unintentional weight loss

Question 2

The hormone primarily responsible for regulating blood sugar levels is:

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Thyroid hormone

Answer

Adrenaline

Question 3

Acromegaly, characterized by excessive growth, is caused by:

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone overproduction

Answer

Growth hormone deficiency

Answer

Prolactin overproduction

Answer

Thyroid hormone deficiency

Question 4

The primary treatment for type 1 diabetes involves:

Accepted Answer

Insulin therapy

Answer

Oral hypoglycemic agents

Answer

Lifestyle modifications alone

Answer

Thyroid hormone replacement

Question 5

The hormone responsible for regulating calcium and phosphate metabolism is:

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone

Answer

Calcitonin

Answer

Thyroxine

Answer

Insulin

Question 6

Which of the following endocrine disorders is associated with an underactive adrenal gland?

Accepted Answer

Addison's disease

Answer

Cushing's syndrome

Answer

Hyperthyroidism

Answer

Acromegaly

Question 7

Which hormone plays a primary role in regulating blood glucose levels, maintaining glucose homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Adrenaline

Answer

Cortisol

Question 8

Identify the type of thyroid disorder characterized by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, leading to an overactive thyroid gland:

Accepted Answer

Hyperthyroidism

Answer

Hypothyroidism

Answer

Goiter

Answer

Thyroiditis

Question 9

Acromegaly, a condition characterized by excessive growth, is primarily caused by:

Accepted Answer

Overproduction of growth hormone

Answer

Underproduction of growth hormone

Answer

Deficiency of thyroid hormones

Answer

Excess cortisol production

Question 10

Which diagnostic test specifically measures the levels of HbA1c in the blood, providing an indication of long-term blood glucose control?

Accepted Answer

HbA1c test

Answer

Oral glucose tolerance test

Answer

Fasting blood glucose test

Answer

Thyroid function test

Question 11

In the management of type 1 diabetes, which treatment approach is considered the primary method?

Accepted Answer

Insulin therapy

Answer

Oral medications

Answer

Lifestyle modifications

Answer

Thyroid hormone replacement

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a symptom commonly associated with hypothyroidism?

Accepted Answer

Increased heart rate

Answer

Fatigue

Answer

Weight gain

Answer

Sweating

Question 13

Which of the following is a characteristic symptom of diabetes mellitus?

Accepted Answer

Frequent urination

Answer

Low blood sugar levels

Answer

Weight gain

Answer

Clear vision

Question 14

What is the primary hormone secreted by the thyroid gland?

Accepted Answer

Thyroxine

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Epinephrine

Question 15

Which of the following hormones is responsible for regulating blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Testosterone

Question 16

What is the medical term for excessive growth hormone secretion?

Accepted Answer

Acromegaly

Answer

Gigantism

Answer

Pituitary dwarfism

Answer

Hypothyroidism

Question 17

Which of the following is a diagnostic test for diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) test

Answer

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

Answer

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Answer

Computerized tomography (CT) scan

Question 18

What type of diabetes is characterized by an inability of the body to produce insulin?

Accepted Answer

Type 1 diabetes

Answer

Type 2 diabetes

Answer

Gestational diabetes

Answer

Prediabetes

Question 19

What is the main physiological function of growth hormone?

Accepted Answer

Stimulates growth and development

Answer

Regulates blood pressure

Answer

Controls body temperature

Answer

Aids in digestion

Question 20

Which of the following is a commonly observed symptom associated with type 1 diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Increased thirst and urination

Answer

Weight gain

Answer

Reduced energy levels

Answer

Improved vision

Question 21

Identify the hormone primarily responsible for regulating blood glucose levels within the body:

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Thyroxine

Answer

Somatotropin

Question 22

Which type of thyroid disorder is characterized by excessive production of thyroid hormones?

Accepted Answer

Hyperthyroidism

Answer

Hypothyroidism

Answer

Grave's disease

Answer

Hashimoto's thyroiditis

Question 23

What is the primary treatment approach for managing growth hormone deficiency in children?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone injections

Answer

Hormone replacement therapy

Answer

Lifestyle modifications

Answer

Dietary supplements

Question 24

True or False: The endocrine organ responsible for producing both insulin and glucagon is the pancreas.

Accepted Answer

True

Answer

False

Question 25

Which of the following terms is used to describe an underactive thyroid gland?

Accepted Answer

Hypothyroidism

Answer

Hyperthyroidism

Answer

Grave's disease

Answer

Hashimoto's thyroiditis

Question 26

True or False: The pituitary gland is responsible for secreting growth hormone.

Accepted Answer

True

Answer

False

Question 27

Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Somatotropin

Answer

Thyroxine

Question 28

Weight gain, fatigue, and cold intolerance are all common symptoms of which endocrine disorder?

Accepted Answer

Hypothyroidism

Answer

Hyperthyroidism

Answer

Cushing's syndrome

Answer

Diabetes insipidus

Question 29

Insulin therapy is the first-line treatment for which type of diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Type 1 diabetes

Answer

Type 2 diabetes

Answer

Gestational diabetes

Answer

Monogenic diabetes

Question 30

What is the primary function of the thyroid gland?

Accepted Answer

To regulate metabolism

Answer

To produce hormones that control growth and development

Answer

To secrete hormones that influence mood and behavior

Answer

To filter waste products from the blood

Question 31

Enlarged hands and feet, increased sweating, headaches, and vision problems are all symptoms of which endocrine disorder?

Accepted Answer

Acromegaly

Answer

Gigantism

Answer

Cushing's syndrome

Answer

Addison's disease

Question 32

Which symptom is typical of growth hormone deficiency in children?

Accepted Answer

Stunted growth and delayed bone age

Answer

Increased appetite

Answer

Thyroid enlargement

Answer

Polyuria

Question 33

Which hormone is primarily secreted by the thyroid gland?

Accepted Answer

Thyroxine

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Adrenaline

Question 34

What is Type 1 diabetes characterized by?

Accepted Answer

Inadequate insulin production due to autoimmune damage to the pancreas

Answer

Insulin resistance in the body's cells

Answer

Excessive production of insulin

Answer

Deficiency in growth hormone

Question 35

Which of the following is a symptom associated with growth hormone deficiency?

Accepted Answer

Stunted growth

Answer

Hyperthyroidism

Answer

Polyuria

Answer

Glucosuria

Question 36

Which hormone is responsible for regulating blood sugar levels?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Progesterone

Answer

Testosterone

Question 37

What is the condition called when the body produces an excessive amount of thyroid hormone?

Accepted Answer

Hyperthyroidism

Answer

Hypothyroidism

Answer

Grave's disease

Answer

Hashimoto's thyroiditis

Question 38

What is the key difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Type 1 diabetes results from an autoimmune disorder, while type 2 diabetes is caused by insulin resistance

Answer

Type 2 diabetes results from an autoimmune disorder, while type 1 diabetes is caused by insulin resistance

Answer

Type 1 diabetes is more common in adults, while type 2 diabetes is more common in children

Answer

Type 2 diabetes is more common in adults, while type 1 diabetes is more common in children

Question 39

Which hormone is secreted by the pancreas and plays a crucial role in glucose metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Adrenaline

Answer

Thyroxine

Answer

Glucagon

Question 40

Which type of diabetes is characterized by both insulin resistance and a relative deficiency of insulin?

Accepted Answer

Type 2 diabetes

Answer

Monogenic diabetes

Answer

Gestational diabetes

Answer

Type 1 diabetes

Question 41

Which medication is commonly used to treat hypothyroidism?

Accepted Answer

Levothyroxine

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Metformin

Question 42

What condition is characterized by excessive growth hormone secretion in adults?

Accepted Answer

Acromegaly

Answer

Dwarfism

Answer

Gigantism

Answer

Cushing's syndrome

Question 43

Which of the following is a known risk factor for developing Graves' disease?

Accepted Answer

Family history

Answer

Physical trauma

Answer

Obesity

Answer

Smoking

Question 44

What is the primary function of the thyroid gland?

Accepted Answer

To produce and secrete thyroid hormones

Answer

To store glucose

Answer

To regulate body temperature

Answer

To secrete insulin

Question 45

Which of the following is a symptom of Addison's disease?

Accepted Answer

Weight loss

Answer

Increased appetite

Answer

Blurred vision

Answer

Increased heart rate

Question 46

Which hormone is responsible for regulating water reabsorption in the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Answer

Aldosterone

Answer

Prolactin

Answer

Oxytocin

Question 47

Which of the following is a potential long-term complication of poorly managed diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Retinopathy

Answer

Addison's disease

Answer

Cushing's syndrome

Answer

Hyperthyroidism