Gender and Inequality: Impact on Social and Economic Outcomes

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a traditional feminine gender role in Western societies?

Accepted Answer

Independent

Answer

Nurturing

Answer

Compassionate

Answer

Supportive

Question 2

According to socialization theory, how are gender roles learned?

Accepted Answer

Through imitation and reinforcement

Answer

Through genetic inheritance

Answer

Through environmental factors alone

Answer

Through subconscious programming

Question 3

What is the term for the unconscious belief that one's own gender is superior to others?

Accepted Answer

Androcentrism

Answer

Sexism

Answer

Patriarchy

Answer

Misogyny

Question 4

How does intersectionality theory help us understand gender inequality?

Accepted Answer

It shows how different forms of discrimination (e.g., based on race and class) intersect and compound gender inequality.

Answer

It suggests that gender inequality is a universal experience for all women.

Answer

It argues that men are always responsible for gender inequality.

Answer

It denies the existence of gender inequality in modern society.

Question 5

What is meant by the 'glass ceiling' in the context of gender inequality?

Accepted Answer

The invisible barrier that prevents women from reaching top leadership positions

Answer

The belief that women are inherently less capable than men in leadership roles

Answer

The salary gap between male and female employees

Answer

The lack of female representation in STEM fields

Question 6

According to traditional gender role expectations, which characteristic is typically associated with females?

Accepted Answer

Nurturing and empathy

Answer

Independence and assertiveness

Answer

Ambition and competitiveness

Answer

Logical reasoning and problem-solving

Question 7

How does intersectionality contribute to our understanding of gender inequality?

Accepted Answer

It acknowledges the interconnectedness of gender with other social identities, such as race, class, and sexuality.

Answer

It suggests that gender is the sole determinant of an individual's experiences and opportunities.

Answer

It minimizes the importance of gender-based discrimination.

Answer

It implies that all forms of inequality are equally significant.

Question 8

Which of the following is a fundamental principle of feminist theory?

Accepted Answer

The recognition of gender as a socially constructed concept, rather than a natural or biological one.

Answer

The belief that women are inherently superior to men.

Answer

The focus on individual choice and responsibility for overcoming gender inequality.

Answer

The rejection of all forms of social hierarchy and oppression.

Question 9

What is the primary aim of gender equality policies?

Accepted Answer

To create a society where individuals are treated equitably regardless of their gender.

Answer

To eliminate all differences in treatment between men and women.

Answer

To establish quotas for female representation in all areas of public life.

Answer

To punish individuals who engage in gender-based discrimination.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a sociological perspective on gender?

Accepted Answer

Biological determinism

Answer

Symbolic interactionism

Answer

Functionalism

Answer

Conflict theory

Question 11

What is the term for the belief that one gender is innately superior to the other?

Accepted Answer

Sexism

Answer

Discrimination

Answer

Prejudice

Answer

Stereotyping

Question 12

Which of the following is a feminist perspective on gender?

Accepted Answer

Gender is a social construct and can be changed.

Answer

Gender roles are biologically determined and unchangeable.

Answer

Women are inherently inferior to men.

Answer

Men and women have essentially different natures.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of traditional gender role socialization?

Accepted Answer

Children are given equal opportunities to explore their gender identities.

Answer

Boys are encouraged to be assertive and independent.

Answer

Girls are expected to be nurturing and emotionally expressive.

Answer

Both boys and girls are taught to conform to societal norms.

Question 14

According to feminist theory, what does the concept of 'patriarchy' refer to?

Accepted Answer

The dominance of men and the subordination of women in society.

Answer

The belief that women are naturally inferior to men.

Answer

The division of labor based on gender.

Answer

The oppression of men by women.

Question 15

The concept of 'intersectionality' highlights:

Accepted Answer

That multiple forms of discrimination can overlap and interact, creating unique experiences of oppression.

Answer

That gender is the most important aspect of social identity.

Answer

That all forms of oppression are equally impactful.

Answer

That it is impossible to fully understand one's own identity.

Question 16

What is a key difference between sex and gender?

Accepted Answer

Sex is biological, while gender is a social and cultural construct.

Answer

Gender is more important than sex.

Answer

Sex is immutable, while gender can change over time.

Answer

There is no difference between sex and gender.

Question 17

The 'glass ceiling' refers to:

Accepted Answer

The invisible barrier that prevents women and marginalized genders from advancing to top positions in organizations.

Answer

The physical barriers that prevent women from entering certain occupations.

Answer

The prejudice and discrimination that women face in the workplace.

Answer

The lack of opportunities for women to develop their careers.

Question 18

Which of the following is considered the most important agent of gender socialization during childhood?

Accepted Answer

Family

Answer

Peers

Answer

School

Answer

Media

Question 19

Hegemonic masculinity refers to:

Accepted Answer

The socially dominant form of masculinity within a society.

Answer

The ideal type of masculinity that all men should strive to achieve.

Answer

The subordination of women to men.

Answer

The belief that men are naturally superior to women.

Question 20

The concept of toxic masculinity refers to:

Accepted Answer

Harmful and rigid norms of masculinity that can be damaging to men and society.

Answer

The belief that men are naturally superior to women.

Answer

The suppression of emotions in men.

Answer

The idea that all men are inherently violent and aggressive.

Question 21

How does intersectionality help us better understand the unique challenges faced by individuals with multiple marginalized identities?

Accepted Answer

Intersectionality allows us to recognize and analyze how different forms of oppression and discrimination overlap and intersect, creating unique experiences for individuals.

Answer

Intersectionality assumes that all marginalized identities experience oppression equally.

Answer

Intersectionality exclusively focuses on the experiences of women.

Answer

Intersectionality implies that all forms of oppression can be reduced to a single category.

Question 22

According to traditional beliefs, which of the following is considered a defining characteristic of masculinity?

Accepted Answer

Physical strength and dominance

Answer

Emotional sensitivity

Answer

Nurturing behavior

Answer

Interpersonal skills

Question 23

Which sociological theory emphasizes the role of economic inequality in perpetuating gender inequality?

Accepted Answer

Conflict theory

Answer

Functionalism

Answer

Symbolic interactionism

Answer

Feminist theory

Question 24

Which of the following refers to the process of internalizing societal expectations about gender?

Accepted Answer

Gender socialization

Answer

Gender conformity

Answer

Gender norming

Answer

Gender identification

Question 25

How do social institutions, like families and workplaces, contribute to the ongoing existence of gender inequality?

Accepted Answer

By reinforcing traditional gender roles through socialization and the unequal distribution of household and childcare responsibilities.

Answer

By providing equal opportunities for individuals of all genders in all areas of life.

Answer

By promoting gender fluidity and challenging binary gender norms.

Answer

By prioritizing the rights of individuals from marginalized genders and ensuring their representation in decision-making positions.

Question 26

Which theory views gender roles and identities as socially constructed rather than biologically determined?

Accepted Answer

Social constructivism

Answer

Biological essentialism

Answer

Liberal feminism

Answer

Marxist feminism

Question 27

Within the context of gender inequality, which of the following is a crucial concept in comprehending the development and perpetuation of gender-based disparities?

Accepted Answer

Socialization

Answer

Evolutionary psychology

Answer

Biological determinism

Answer

Genetics

Question 28

According to the social constructionist perspective on gender, how is gender primarily understood?

Accepted Answer

A social construct shaped by cultural and societal processes.

Answer

A product of genetic inheritance.

Answer

A fixed and unchangeable aspect of human biology.

Question 29

In the context of the workplace, which of the following is a well-documented manifestation of gender inequality?

Accepted Answer

Gender pay gap

Answer

Equal opportunities for promotion and advancement

Answer

Equal pay for equal work

Question 30

When evaluating functionalist perspectives on gender, which criticism is frequently raised?

Accepted Answer

They tend to reinforce traditional gender stereotypes and roles.

Answer

They provide a comprehensive and nuanced analysis of gender dynamics.

Answer

They accurately reflect the complexities of gender inequality.

Question 31

In educational settings, which strategy has been demonstrated to be effective in promoting gender equality?

Accepted Answer

Actively challenging gender stereotypes in textbooks and educational materials.

Answer

Reducing the emphasis on academic achievement for girls.

Answer

Enforcing strict gender segregation in schools.

Question 32

In the realm of health and well-being, which of the following has been identified as a consequence of gender inequality?

Accepted Answer

Elevated mortality rates among men.

Answer

Universal access to healthcare.

Answer

Improved life expectancy for women.

Answer

Reduced incidence of chronic diseases.

Question 33

Which of the following characteristics is central to a patriarchal society?

Accepted Answer

Dominance of men in social, political, and economic institutions.

Answer

Equal distribution of power and influence between men and women.

Answer

Female leadership in all major societal sectors.

Question 34

Within feminist theory, which perspective emphasizes the intersectionality of race, gender, class, and other social identities in shaping women's experiences?

Accepted Answer

Black feminist theory

Answer

Psychoanalytic feminism

Answer

Marxist feminism

Answer

Liberal feminism

Question 35

Which of the following measures is widely recognized as a crucial step in promoting gender equality and empowering women?

Accepted Answer

Expanding access to education and employment opportunities for women.

Answer

Limiting women's participation in political decision-making.

Answer

Encouraging women to prioritize domestic responsibilities over professional pursuits.

Question 36

Which of the following presents a significant challenge to achieving gender equality in practice?

Accepted Answer

Pervasive gender stereotypes and biases in society.

Answer

Universal access to healthcare.

Answer

Strong legal frameworks protecting women's rights.

Answer

Inclusive and equitable education systems.

Question 37

The concept of 'doing gender' suggests that:

Accepted Answer

Gender is not a fixed biological category but a set of behaviors and attributes that individuals perform and embody

Answer

Gender roles are predetermined by biological sex

Answer

Gender differences are primarily due to innate psychological differences

Question 38

The term 'glass ceiling' generally refers to:

Accepted Answer

Invisible barriers that prevent women and other marginalized groups from reaching leadership positions in organizations

Answer

A physical barrier that restricts individuals from entering certain workplaces

Answer

A transparent ceiling that allows individuals to see opportunities but not access them

Question 39

Which of the following best describes the concept of 'intersectionality'?

Accepted Answer

The interconnectedness of various social categories, such as gender, race, class, and sexuality, shaping individual experiences

Answer

The separation of different social categories for more focused analysis

Question 40

How does gender socialization contribute to the perpetuation of gender inequality?

Accepted Answer

Through the learning and internalization of gender roles and expectations from an early age

Answer

By promoting gender equality through education and awareness campaigns

Question 41

Which of the following is an example of how gender inequality manifests in healthcare?

Accepted Answer

Women being diagnosed with certain conditions at later stages due to a lack of research and focus on women's health

Answer

Equal access to quality healthcare for all genders

Question 42

What is a significant contribution of the #MeToo movement in the context of gender and inequality?

Accepted Answer

It highlighted the widespread prevalence of sexual harassment and assault, challenging societal norms and encouraging accountability

Answer

It focused solely on men's experiences with sexual harassment

Question 43

Which of the following is NOT a key component of feminist theory?

Accepted Answer

The belief that men are inherently oppressive towards women

Answer

The critique of patriarchal structures and systems

Answer

The advocacy for gender equality and women's rights

Question 44

How can healthcare professionals contribute to addressing gender inequality in their field?

Accepted Answer

By actively recognizing and challenging gender biases in diagnosis, treatment, and research

Answer

By focusing solely on biological differences between genders

Answer

By reinforcing traditional gender roles and expectations