Kidneys: Structure, Function, and Physiology for Sport Science

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Producing new red blood cells

Answer

Regulating blood pressure by controlling fluid volume

Answer

Excreting waste products from the blood through urine formation

Answer

Regulating electrolyte balance, such as sodium and potassium levels

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the kidneys in maintaining homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Producing red blood cells

Answer

Filtering waste products from the blood

Answer

Regulating blood pressure

Answer

Maintaining body pH

Question 3

What is the structural and functional unit of the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Nephron

Answer

Glomerulus

Answer

Renal tubule

Answer

Ureter

Question 4

Which component of the nephron is responsible for the initial filtration of blood?

Accepted Answer

Bowman's capsule

Answer

Proximal convoluted tubule

Answer

Loop of Henle

Answer

Collecting duct

Question 5

Which hormone produced by the kidneys stimulates the production of red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Erythropoietin

Answer

Renin

Answer

Aldosterone

Answer

Antidiuretic hormone

Question 6

What type of kidney stone is most prevalent?

Accepted Answer

Calcium oxalate stones

Answer

Uric acid stones

Answer

Cystine stones

Answer

Struvite stones

Question 7

How does the loop of Henle contribute to maintaining fluid balance in the body?

Accepted Answer

It establishes a concentration gradient in the kidney medulla

Answer

It reabsorbs water from the filtrate

Answer

It secretes waste products into the filtrate

Answer

It filters the blood

Question 8

What is the test commonly used to measure the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

Accepted Answer

Creatinine clearance test

Answer

Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) test

Answer

Urinalysis

Answer

Kidney biopsy

Question 9

Which component of a nephron is responsible for the filtration of blood?

Accepted Answer

Renal corpuscle

Answer

Proximal convoluted tubule

Answer

Loop of Henle

Answer

Collecting duct

Question 10

Which mechanism is primarily responsible for regulating glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

Accepted Answer

Afferent and efferent arteriolar tone

Answer

Glomerular capillary permeability

Answer

Proximal convoluted tubule reabsorption

Answer

Collecting duct water reabsorption

Question 11

Which segment of the nephron is the primary site for the reabsorption of nutrients from the filtrate?

Accepted Answer

Proximal convoluted tubule

Answer

Glomerulus

Answer

Distal convoluted tubule

Answer

Collecting duct

Question 12

Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating water reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Answer

Adrenaline

Answer

Aldosterone

Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 13

In which body cavity are the kidneys located?

Accepted Answer

Abdominal cavity

Answer

Thoracic cavity

Answer

Pelvic cavity

Answer

Cranial cavity

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT part of the correct filtration sequence in the glomerulus?

Accepted Answer

Peritubular capillary

Answer

Capillary endothelium

Answer

Glomerular basement membrane

Answer

Podocyte

Question 15

What is the main function of the juxtaglomerular apparatus in the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Release renin when blood pressure changes

Answer

Filter blood

Answer

Reabsorb sodium

Answer

Concentrate urine

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a consequence of kidney failure?

Accepted Answer

Muscle growth

Answer

Anemia

Answer

Fluid retention

Answer

Electrolyte imbalances

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Digesting food

Answer

Regulating electrolyte balance

Answer

Filtering waste products from the blood

Answer

Producing hormones

Question 18

What is the structural and functional unit of the kidney?

Accepted Answer

Nephron

Answer

Glomerulus

Answer

Ureter

Answer

Renal pelvis

Question 19

Which hormone is produced by the kidneys that stimulates red blood cell production?

Accepted Answer

Erythropoietin

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

Thyroid hormone

Question 20

What is the primary role of the glomerulus in the kidney?

Accepted Answer

Filtering blood plasma to form the filtrate

Answer

Reabsorbing water and nutrients into the blood

Answer

Secreting ions into the filtrate

Answer

Maintaining the osmotic gradient in the renal medulla

Question 21

What is the main function of the Loop of Henle in the kidney?

Accepted Answer

Concentrating the urine by creating a countercurrent multiplier system

Answer

Reabsorbing glucose from the filtrate

Answer

Secreting hydrogen ions into the filtrate

Answer

Producing renin

Question 22

What is the primary function of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in the body?

Accepted Answer

To increase blood pressure by promoting sodium reabsorption in the kidneys

Answer

To increase blood pressure by stimulating vasoconstriction

Answer

To decrease blood pressure by stimulating vasodilation

Answer

To decrease blood pressure by inhibiting sodium reabsorption in the kidneys