Host Defenses Against Infection: Understanding Your Body's Natural Protectors

Question 1

What is the process by which the body produces antibodies to fight off specific pathogens?

Accepted Answer

Adaptive immunity

Answer

Phagocytosis

Answer

Inflammation

Answer

Innate immunity

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a type of white blood cell?

Accepted Answer

Erythrocyte

Answer

Neutrophil

Answer

Macrophage

Answer

Lymphocyte

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a physical barrier that protects the body against infection?

Accepted Answer

Antibodies

Answer

Skin

Answer

Mucous membranes

Answer

Lysozymes

Question 4

Which type of cell is responsible for producing antibodies?

Accepted Answer

B lymphocytes

Answer

T lymphocytes

Answer

Neutrophils

Answer

Macrophages

Question 5

What is the primary role of interferons in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

They signal cells to produce antiviral proteins.

Answer

They directly attack pathogens.

Answer

They activate complement.

Answer

They suppress the immune response.

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of a nosocomial infection?

Accepted Answer

Pneumonia acquired in the hospital

Answer

Influenza contracted at home

Answer

Strep throat acquired from a classmate

Answer

Food poisoning from contaminated food

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a type of physical barrier that protects the body from infection?

Accepted Answer

Antibodies

Answer

Skin

Answer

Mucous membranes

Answer

Tears

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the immune system?

Accepted Answer

Maintenance of body temperature

Answer

Protection against invading microorganisms

Answer

Recognition of self from non-self

Answer

Removal of damaged or dead cells

Question 9

Which of the following can weaken the body's ability to fight infection?

Accepted Answer

Drinking too much alcohol

Answer

Regular exercise

Answer

Getting enough sleep

Question 10

What is the primary function of phagocytes in the immune system?

Accepted Answer

To engulf and destroy pathogens

Answer

To produce antibodies

Answer

To regulate the immune response

Answer

To build up memory cells

Question 11

Which type of immunity is acquired through exposure to a pathogen or vaccination?

Accepted Answer

Adaptive immunity

Answer

Innate immunity

Answer

Passive immunity

Answer

Natural immunity

Question 12

Which of the following is a common mode of transmission for respiratory infections?

Accepted Answer

Airborne droplets

Answer

Contact with contaminated surfaces

Answer

Bloodborne transmission

Answer

Foodborne transmission

Question 13

According to infection control principles, what is considered the most crucial factor in preventing healthcare-associated infections?

Accepted Answer

Hand hygiene

Answer

Vaccination

Answer

Antibiotic use

Answer

Isolation of infected patients

Question 14

Which of the following is **not** a physical barrier that protects the body from infection?

Accepted Answer

Gastric juices

Answer

Skin

Answer

Cilia

Answer

Mucous membranes

Question 15

What is the primary function of phagocytes in the immune system?

Accepted Answer

Recognizing and engulfing foreign invaders

Answer

Producing antibodies

Answer

Regulating immune responses

Answer

Providing temporary immunity

Question 16

Which type of immunity is developed after exposure to a specific pathogen?

Accepted Answer

Adaptive immunity

Answer

Innate immunity

Answer

Passive immunity

Answer

Cellular immunity

Question 17

What is a primary function of antibodies in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

Identifying and neutralizing pathogens

Answer

Activating complement proteins

Answer

Stimulating phagocytosis

Answer

Creating memory cells

Question 18

What is the primary purpose of vaccination?

Accepted Answer

Preventing infectious diseases

Answer

Curing infectious diseases

Answer

Treating symptoms of infections

Answer

Strengthening the immune system

Question 19

Which of the following microorganisms is **not** typically spread through airborne droplets?

Accepted Answer

Staphylococcus aureus

Answer

Influenza virus

Answer

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 20

Which of the following is the most critical measure to prevent hospital-acquired infections?

Accepted Answer

Hand hygiene

Answer

Isolation of infected patients

Answer

Use of personal protective equipment (PPE)

Answer

Environmental disinfection

Question 21

Which of the following is **not** a risk factor for developing a healthcare-associated infection (HAI)?

Accepted Answer

Regular exercise

Answer

Prolonged hospital stays

Answer

The presence of indwelling medical devices

Answer

Immunocompromised state

Question 22

The first line of defense against infection is primarily maintained by:

Accepted Answer

Physical barriers such as skin and mucous membranes

Answer

Antibodies

Answer

Inflammatory mediators

Answer

White blood cells

Question 23

Which type of immune response involves the production of antibodies that specifically target and neutralize pathogens?

Accepted Answer

Humoral immunity

Answer

Innate immunity

Answer

Cell-mediated immunity

Answer

Adaptive immunity

Question 24

Which of the following white blood cells is primarily responsible for the process of phagocytosis, engulfing and destroying pathogens?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophils

Answer

Eosinophils

Answer

Basophils

Answer

Lymphocytes

Question 25

How does the inflammatory response contribute to host defenses against infection?

Accepted Answer

By increasing blood flow and delivering immune cells and nutrients to the site of infection

Answer

By directly killing pathogens

Answer

By producing hormones that enhance immune cell function

Answer

By preventing the spread of infection through physical barriers

Question 26

Which of the following factors can impair the effectiveness of host defenses, making an individual more susceptible to infection?

Accepted Answer

Chronic stress

Answer

Adequate and restful sleep

Answer

Regular physical exercise

Answer

Balanced and nutritious diet

Question 27

What is the primary role of the complement system in host defense?

Accepted Answer

To enhance the immune response by opsonizing pathogens and promoting phagocytosis

Answer

To directly kill pathogens through the formation of membrane attack complexes

Answer

To produce antibodies that specifically target and neutralize pathogens

Question 28

Which of the following mechanisms provides long-lasting and specific protection against future infections by relying on memory cells?

Accepted Answer

Acquired immunity

Answer

Innate immunity

Answer

Passive immunity

Answer

Humoral immunity

Question 29

How does the body maintain homeostasis within the immune system to prevent excessive or inappropriate immune responses?

Accepted Answer

By regulating the production, activity, and lifespan of immune cells through various mechanisms, including apoptosis

Answer

By isolating and destroying immune cells that exhibit excessive or inappropriate responses

Answer

By producing antibodies against self-antigens to suppress autoimmune reactions

Question 30

Which of the following is a characteristic symptom of sepsis, a life-threatening condition resulting from an overwhelming immune response to infection?

Accepted Answer

High fever, rapid heart rate, and difficulty breathing

Answer

Skin rash and itching

Answer

Runny nose and sore throat

Answer

Headache and fatigue