Microorganisms: Classification and Characteristics - Infection Prevention and Control

Question 1

Which classification method for microorganisms is based on their genetic similarities?

Accepted Answer

Cladistics

Answer

Numerical taxonomy

Answer

Phenetic taxonomy

Answer

Chemotaxonomy

Question 2

Which microorganism type is prokaryotic?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria

Answer

Fungi

Answer

Protozoa

Answer

Algae

Question 3

What type of microorganism causes athlete's foot?

Accepted Answer

Fungus

Answer

Bacteria

Answer

Virus

Answer

Protozoa

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a gram-negative microorganism?

Accepted Answer

Staphylococcus aureus

Answer

Escherichia coli

Answer

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Answer

Neisseria gonorrhea

Question 5

Which type of infection is commonly associated with healthcare settings?

Accepted Answer

Ventilator-associated pneumonia

Answer

Sepsis

Answer

Influenza

Answer

Strep throat

Question 6

Which parasitic infection is primarily spread by drinking contaminated water?

Accepted Answer

Schistosomiasis

Answer

Malaria

Answer

Trypanosoma cruzi

Answer

Toxoplasma gondii

Question 7

What is a unique characteristic of Gram-positive bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Thick peptidoglycan layer

Answer

Lipopolysaccharide layer

Answer

Outer membrane

Question 8

What is a defining feature of gram-positive bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Cell wall mainly made of peptidoglycan

Answer

Cell membrane high in lipopolysaccharides

Answer

Nucleus surrounded by a nuclear membrane

Answer

Ribosomes with a sedimentation coefficient of 80S

Question 9

Which of the following is a violation of fundamental infection prevention and control principles?

Accepted Answer

Using defective or inadequate personal protective equipment (PPE)

Answer

Regular hand hygiene practices

Answer

Thorough environmental cleaning and disinfection

Answer

Isolating individuals with infectious diseases

Question 10

According to the Gram staining technique, microorganisms that retain the crystal violet dye and appear purple are classified as:

Accepted Answer

Gram-positive

Answer

Gram-negative

Answer

Acid-fast

Answer

Gram-variable

Question 11

Which shape is NOT observed in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Tricuspid (three-pointed)

Answer

Coccus (spherical)

Answer

Bacillus (rod-shaped)

Answer

Spiral (helical)

Question 12

The primary goal of aseptic technique is to:

Accepted Answer

Prevent the introduction of microorganisms into a sterile environment

Answer

Control the spread of microorganisms within a contaminated area

Answer

Eliminate all microorganisms from a surface

Answer

Promote the growth of beneficial microorganisms

Question 13

Antibiotics are primarily effective in treating infections caused by:

Accepted Answer

Bacteria

Answer

Viruses

Answer

Fungi

Answer

Protozoa

Question 14

Which characteristic is crucial for microorganisms to cause infections?

Accepted Answer

Ability to enter and multiply inside host cells

Answer

Complex, multicellular structure

Answer

Presence of a distinct nucleus

Answer

Capacity for photosynthesis

Question 15

Which of the following bacteria is Gram-negative?

Accepted Answer

Escherichia coli

Answer

Staphylococcus aureus

Answer

Streptococcus pyogenes

Answer

Bacillus subtilis

Question 16

What is the primary function of endospores in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Protection against harsh environmental conditions

Answer

Facilitation of bacterial reproduction

Answer

Enhancement of bacterial motility

Answer

Inactivation of bacterial virulence

Question 17

Which of the following is a type of medication specifically designed to treat viral infections?

Accepted Answer

Antivirals

Answer

Antibiotics

Answer

Vaccines

Answer

Antifungals

Question 18

What is the primary mode of transmission for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?

Accepted Answer

Sexual contact

Answer

Airborne droplets

Answer

Contaminated food and water

Answer

Insect bites

Question 19

Which of the following is a fundamental standard precaution to prevent healthcare-associated infections?

Accepted Answer

Wearing gloves when in contact with patients

Answer

Reusing contaminated needles and syringes

Answer

Avoiding handwashing before patient contact

Answer

Not using personal protective equipment (PPE)

Question 20

What type of microorganism is responsible for causing athlete's foot?

Accepted Answer

Fungus

Answer

Bacteria

Answer

Virus

Answer

Protozoa

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT a defense mechanism against microorganisms in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Exposure to extreme temperatures

Answer

Skin and mucous membranes

Answer

Saliva and tears

Answer

Antibodies and phagocytic cells

Question 22

Which of the following is NOT a primary structural component of a bacterial cell?

Accepted Answer

Centrioles

Answer

Cytoplasm

Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Cell wall

Question 23

The process by which microorganisms obtain energy and nutrients is known as:

Accepted Answer

Metabolism

Answer

Translation

Answer

Replication

Answer

Transcription

Question 24

Which type of microorganism is responsible for causing tetanus?

Accepted Answer

Clostridium tetani

Answer

Staphylococcus aureus

Answer

Candida albicans

Answer

Escherichia coli

Question 25

The Gram-staining technique is used to differentiate between:

Accepted Answer

Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria

Answer

Bacteria and viruses

Answer

Parasites and vectors

Answer

Fungi and protozoa

Question 26

Which of the following factors influences the growth and reproduction of microorganisms?

Accepted Answer

Temperature

Answer

Sound waves

Answer

Light intensity

Answer

Magnetic field

Question 27

Which of the following is a type of antimicrobial agent that targets and inhibits the growth or killing of microorganisms?

Accepted Answer

Antibiotic

Answer

Antibody

Answer

Vaccine

Answer

Interferon

Question 28

The incubation period of an infectious disease refers to:

Accepted Answer

The time between exposure to the pathogen and the appearance of symptoms

Answer

The time between the onset of symptoms and recovery

Answer

The time between infection and recovery

Question 29

Which of the following is a basic infection prevention and control measure practiced in healthcare settings?

Accepted Answer

Hand hygiene

Answer

Wearing a helmet

Answer

Limiting visitors

Answer

Using protective eyewear