Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition: Principles, Techniques, and Applications

Question 1

Which of the following is **not** an indication for enteral nutrition (EN)?

Accepted Answer

Fully conscious and cooperative patient with adequate oral intake

Answer

Malnutrition or risk of malnutrition

Answer

Inadequate oral intake for more than 7 days

Answer

Severe gastrointestinal disorders

Question 2

When administering EN via a nasogastric tube (NGT), which of the following is the preferred method for checking tube placement?

Accepted Answer

Auscultation over the stomach

Answer

X-ray

Answer

pH testing

Answer

Injection of air

Question 3

What is the recommended rate of PN infusion to prevent hyperglycemia?

Accepted Answer

100-200ml/hour

Answer

Less than 100ml/hour

Answer

200-300ml/hour

Answer

More than 300ml/hour

Question 4

Which of the following conditions prevents the use of enteral nutrition?

Accepted Answer

Bowel obstruction

Answer

Diarrhea

Answer

Nausea

Question 5

What is the primary route of administration for total parenteral nutrition?

Accepted Answer

Intravenous

Answer

Oral

Answer

Nasogastric

Answer

Subcutaneous

Question 6

What is the preferred method of measuring calorie expenditure in patients receiving enteral nutrition?

Accepted Answer

Indirect calorimetry

Answer

Anthropometric measurements

Answer

Patient self-reporting

Answer

Body mass index

Question 7

What is the recommended frequency for monitoring patients receiving parenteral nutrition?

Accepted Answer

Daily

Answer

Weekly

Answer

Monthly

Answer

As needed

Question 8

What is the primary goal of nutritional support in healthcare settings?

Accepted Answer

To prevent and treat malnutrition, promote wound healing, and reduce hospital stay

Answer

To prevent malnutrition

Answer

To treat malnutrition

Answer

To promote wound healing

Question 9

What fundamental difference exists between enteral and parenteral nutrition?

Accepted Answer

Enteral nutrition is delivered through the gastrointestinal tract, while parenteral nutrition is administered intravenously

Answer

Enteral nutrition offers complete nourishment, whereas parenteral nutrition only provides partial nutrition

Answer

Parenteral nutrition is always preferable to enteral nutrition

Answer

Enteral and parenteral nutrition are essentially the same thing

Question 10

Select the situation that does NOT necessitate enteral nutrition

Accepted Answer

Kidney failure

Answer

Insufficient oral intake

Answer

Gastrointestinal obstruction

Answer

Severe unconsciousness (coma)

Question 11

Which type of enteral feeding tube is used most frequently?

Accepted Answer

Nasogastric tube

Answer

Gastrostomy tube

Answer

Jejunostomy tube

Answer

Ileostomy tube

Question 12

When evaluating nutritional status, which indicator is most responsive to changes in protein intake?

Accepted Answer

Serum albumin

Answer

Body mass index (BMI)

Answer

Serum creatinine

Answer

Hemoglobin

Question 13

Which type of enteral feeding tube is commonly used for short-term administration of enteral nutrition and is inserted via the nose and into the stomach?

Accepted Answer

Nasogastric tube

Answer

Orogastric tube

Answer

Jejunal tube

Answer

Gastrostomy tube

Question 14

In the context of enteral or parenteral nutrition, which ethical principle should be prioritized?

Accepted Answer

Respecting the patient's right to make informed decisions

Answer

Considering the cost-effectiveness of the treatment

Answer

Ensuring the convenience of healthcare providers

Question 15

Which of the following is a primary indication for enteral nutrition (EN)?

Accepted Answer

Inability to meet nutritional needs orally due to physical or functional impairments

Answer

Requirement for short-term nutritional support

Answer

Presence of a nasogastric tube

Answer

Impaired gastrointestinal function

Question 16

Which type of enteral feeding tube is inserted through the nose and into the stomach?

Accepted Answer

Nasogastric tube

Answer

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube

Answer

Transpyloric tube

Answer

Jejunostomy tube

Question 17

What is the fundamental difference between enteral nutrition (EN) and parenteral nutrition (PN)?

Accepted Answer

EN is delivered directly into the gastrointestinal tract, while PN is administered intravenously, bypassing the digestive system.

Answer

EN is more cost-effective than PN

Answer

EN is intended for short-term use, while PN is for long-term use

Question 18

Which of the following is a potential complication associated with parenteral nutrition (PN)?

Accepted Answer

Metabolic bone disease resulting from calcium and phosphate imbalances

Answer

Nausea

Answer

Constipation

Answer

Diarrhea

Question 19

What is the central role of the registered dietitian in enteral and parenteral nutrition?

Accepted Answer

Developing, implementing, and monitoring individualized nutrition plans to optimize patient outcomes

Answer

Preparing and administering nutrition formula

Answer

Providing patient education on nutrition

Answer

Inserting and removing feeding tubes

Question 20

What is the primary objective of enteral and parenteral nutrition interventions?

Accepted Answer

To maintain or improve nutritional status and support overall health and well-being

Answer

To reduce hospitalization time

Answer

To prevent weight loss

Answer

To promote wound healing

Question 21

Which of the following is a key nursing responsibility in the care of a patient receiving enteral or parenteral nutrition?

Accepted Answer

Observing and reporting any signs or symptoms of complications, ensuring patient safety and timely intervention

Answer

Changing dressings

Answer

Administering medications

Answer

Providing emotional support

Question 22

Which of the following conditions is a contraindication for enteral nutrition?

Accepted Answer

Abdominal compartment syndrome

Answer

Hyperglycaemia

Answer

Vomiting

Answer

Nausea

Question 23

What is the recommended energy intake for a 75 kg patient receiving enteral nutrition?

Accepted Answer

1875-2250 kcal/day

Answer

1250-1500 kcal/day

Answer

2500-3000 kcal/day

Answer

1000-1250 kcal/day

Question 24

Which type of enteral feeding tube provides long-term access to the gastrointestinal tract?

Accepted Answer

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube

Answer

Orogastric tube

Answer

Jejunostomy tube

Answer

Nasogastric tube

Question 25

What is the primary goal of parenteral nutrition?

Accepted Answer

To provide essential nutrients when enteral nutrition is not possible, inadequate, or contraindicated

Answer

To improve fluid balance

Answer

To treat electrolyte imbalances

Question 26

What is the primary role of a registered dietitian in enteral and parenteral nutrition?

Accepted Answer

To assess nutritional needs, prescribe nutritional therapy, and monitor patient progress

Answer

To administer medications

Answer

To insert feeding tubes

Answer

To provide wound care