Cardiovascular Diseases: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Management

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a recognized risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease?

Accepted Answer

Mediterranean diet

Answer

Smoking

Answer

Physical inactivity

Answer

Obesity

Question 2

What is the most commonly reported initial symptom of a heart attack?

Accepted Answer

Crushing chest pain

Answer

Dizziness and light-headedness

Answer

Fatigue and shortness of breath

Answer

Sudden cardiac arrest

Question 3

Which diagnostic test provides a detailed visualization of the heart's structure and function?

Accepted Answer

Echocardiogram

Answer

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

Answer

Blood test (lipid profile)

Answer

Chest X-ray

Question 4

Which of the following medications is commonly prescribed for the treatment of hypertension?

Accepted Answer

ACE inhibitors

Answer

Aspirin

Answer

Statins

Answer

Warfarin

Question 5

How is angina distinguished from a heart attack?

Accepted Answer

Angina results from a temporary reduction in blood flow to the heart, while a heart attack occurs when blood flow to the heart is completely blocked.

Answer

Angina causes sharp chest pain, unlike the dull pain associated with a heart attack.

Answer

Angina requires surgical intervention, while a heart attack is treated with medication.

Answer

Angina is more severe and life-threatening than a heart attack.

Question 6

Why is controlling blood pressure essential in maintaining cardiovascular health?

Accepted Answer

High blood pressure can damage arteries and increase the risk of cardiovascular events such as heart attack, stroke, and kidney failure.

Answer

Lower blood pressure is better for cardiovascular health.

Answer

Blood pressure is not a significant factor in cardiovascular health.

Answer

Only individuals over 65 years of age need to manage their blood pressure.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT advisable in the management of cardiovascular conditions?

Accepted Answer

Moderate alcohol consumption

Answer

Smoking cessation

Answer

Regular physical activity

Answer

Healthy nutrition

Question 8

Which type of heart disease is the most prevalent?

Accepted Answer

Coronary heart disease

Answer

Heart failure

Answer

Stroke

Answer

Hypertension

Question 9

What is the primary approach to managing hypertension?

Accepted Answer

A combination of lifestyle changes and medication

Answer

Lifestyle adjustments

Answer

Medication

Answer

Surgery

Question 10

Which type of cardiovascular disease is most prevalent globally?

Accepted Answer

Heart disease such as coronary artery disease

Answer

Stroke

Answer

Hypertension

Answer

Peripheral artery disease

Question 11

Which of the following is a typical symptom experienced during a heart attack?

Accepted Answer

Chest pain or discomfort that may feel like pressure or squeezing

Answer

Shortness of breath, especially with exertion

Answer

Nausea, vomiting, or indigestion

Answer

Extreme fatigue or lightheadedness

Question 12

For individuals with hypertension, what is generally the initial recommended treatment approach?

Accepted Answer

Making healthy lifestyle changes such as adopting a balanced diet and engaging in regular exercise

Answer

Prescribing medications like ACE inhibitors or diuretics

Answer

Performing surgical procedures like angioplasty or stenting

Answer

Observing the condition without any interventions

Question 13

What is the primary purpose of an electrocardiogram (ECG) in cardiovascular medicine?

Accepted Answer

To record and display the electrical activity of the heart

Answer

To create images of the heart's structure

Answer

To measure blood flow to and from the heart

Answer

To detect and identify heart rhythm disturbances

Question 14

Which type of cardiovascular disease is the most prevalent?

Accepted Answer

Heart disease

Answer

Stroke

Answer

Hypertension

Answer

Heart failure

Question 15

In treating hypertension, what is typically the first step?

Accepted Answer

Lifestyle modifications

Answer

Medication

Answer

Surgery

Answer

No treatment

Question 16

How does heart disease differ from stroke?

Accepted Answer

Heart disease affects the heart, while stroke affects the brain.

Answer

Stroke is more prevalent than heart disease.

Answer

Heart disease is a more serious condition than stroke.

Answer

Heart disease and stroke are essentially the same condition.

Question 17

What is the correct order of events leading to atherosclerosis?

Accepted Answer

Endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, lipid deposition, plaque formation, stenosis

Answer

Inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, lipid deposition, plaque formation, stenosis

Answer

Lipid deposition, inflammation, plaque formation, endothelial dysfunction, stenosis

Answer

Stenosis, endothelial dysfunction, lipid deposition, plaque formation, inflammation

Question 18

In the United Kingdom, what is the leading cause of mortality?

Accepted Answer

Cardiovascular disease

Answer

Cancer

Answer

Respiratory disease

Answer

Neurological disease

Question 19

Which risk factor for cardiovascular disease cannot be modified?

Accepted Answer

Age

Answer

Smoking

Answer

Obesity

Answer

Physical inactivity

Question 20

Which symptom is typically associated with myocardial infarction?

Accepted Answer

Chest pain

Answer

Shortness of breath

Answer

Jaw pain

Answer

Nausea and vomiting

Question 21

Which medication is commonly used to manage high blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Beta-blockers

Answer

Aspirin

Answer

Statins

Answer

Warfarin

Question 22

Which of the following healthcare professionals would typically lead the care of a patient with cardiovascular disease?

Accepted Answer

Cardiologist

Answer

General practitioner

Answer

Nurse

Answer

Pharmacist

Question 23

Which of the following is a symptom of peripheral arterial disease?

Accepted Answer

Claudication

Answer

Pain on the inside of the thigh

Answer

Swelling in the legs

Answer

Numbness in the feet