Sociology: Definition, Scope, and Key Concepts

Question 1

Who is widely recognised as the 'father of sociology'?

Accepted Answer

Auguste Comte

Answer

Karl Marx

Answer

Emile Durkheim

Answer

Max Weber

Question 2

Which sociological perspective focuses on the role of social inequality and conflict in shaping society?

Accepted Answer

Conflict theory

Answer

Functionalism

Answer

Symbolic interactionism

Answer

Feminist theory

Question 3

Which research method involves studying people in their natural settings through direct observation?

Accepted Answer

Ethnography

Answer

Survey

Answer

Interview

Answer

Experiment

Question 4

What is the primary goal of sociological research?

Accepted Answer

To gain a deeper understanding of social phenomena

Answer

To prove or disprove theories

Answer

To advocate for social change

Answer

To provide data for government policies

Question 5

What is the process by which individuals learn the values and accepted behaviors of their society?

Accepted Answer

Socialisation

Answer

Enculturation

Answer

Assimilation

Answer

Acculturation

Question 6

Which type of social inequality is based on factors such as income, education, and social status?

Accepted Answer

Social stratification

Answer

Ascribed status

Answer

Achieved status

Answer

Discrimination

Question 7

Which sociological theory emphasises the role of power and authority in shaping social interactions?

Accepted Answer

Power elite theory

Answer

Symbolic interactionism

Answer

Rational choice theory

Answer

Social exchange theory

Question 8

Which of the following concepts is NOT considered fundamental to sociology?

Accepted Answer

Quantum entanglement

Answer

Socialization

Answer

Social stratification

Question 9

Which of the following is the most accurate definition of sociology?

Accepted Answer

The scientific exploration of the structure and functioning of societies

Answer

The study of the behavior of individuals within their social context

Answer

The analysis of social issues and the search for solutions

Answer

The investigation of the historical development of human societies

Question 10

Who is widely regarded as the founder of sociology?

Accepted Answer

Auguste Comte

Answer

Karl Marx

Answer

Émile Durkheim

Answer

Max Weber

Question 11

What is the primary goal of functionalist theory in sociology?

Accepted Answer

To understand the role and functions of social institutions in maintaining societal stability

Answer

To explain social change and transformation

Answer

To promote social equality and justice

Answer

To critique and challenge existing social structures

Question 12

Which term describes the process through which individuals acquire the values, beliefs, and norms of their society?

Accepted Answer

Socialization

Answer

Enculturation

Answer

Acculturation

Answer

Assimilation

Question 13

What is the term for the unequal distribution of resources within a society?

Accepted Answer

Social inequality

Answer

Social stratification

Answer

Economic disparity

Answer

Class conflict

Question 14

What is the primary focus of functionalist sociologists?

Accepted Answer

Examining social structures and their role in maintaining society

Answer

Understanding the dynamics of social conflicts and societal change

Answer

Exploring the ways in which culture shapes individuals

Answer

Investigating the impact of power and inequality on society

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a key principle of sociological research?

Accepted Answer

Personal bias

Answer

Hypothesis

Answer

Reliability

Answer

Objectivity

Question 16

What is the term for the process by which individuals internalize societal norms and values?

Accepted Answer

Socialization

Answer

Social stratification

Answer

Social deviance

Answer

Social mobility

Question 17

What is the primary purpose of a sociological theory?

Accepted Answer

To provide a comprehensive explanation of social phenomena

Answer

To predict future social events with certainty

Answer

To prescribe specific solutions to social problems

Answer

To manipulate social behaviors for specific outcomes

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a potential benefit of sociological research?

Accepted Answer

Manipulating social behaviors to achieve desired outcomes

Answer

Gaining valuable insights into complex social issues

Answer

Developing evidence-based policies for social improvement

Answer

Predicting social trends and patterns

Question 19

What is the primary goal of public sociology?

Accepted Answer

Applying sociological knowledge to address real-world problems

Answer

Conducting research on pressing social issues

Answer

Educating the public about sociological concepts

Answer

Promoting social activism and change

Question 20

Which of the following statements best defines sociology?

Accepted Answer

The study of human behavior in society

Answer

The study of social institutions and their functions

Answer

The study of social change and its impact

Answer

The study of social problems and their solutions

Question 21

Who is widely regarded as the father of sociology?

Accepted Answer

Auguste Comte

Answer

Karl Marx

Answer

Emile Durkheim

Answer

Max Weber

Question 22

Which sociological perspective focuses on how shared values and norms help keep society stable?

Accepted Answer

Structural-Functionalism

Answer

Marxism

Answer

Symbolic Interactionism

Answer

Conflict Theory

Question 23

Who is widely recognized as the 'Father of Sociology'?

Accepted Answer

Auguste Comte

Answer

Karl Marx

Answer

Emile Durkheim

Answer

Max Weber

Question 24

Sociology primarily focuses on studying:

Accepted Answer

Human behavior within social contexts

Answer

Economic systems and market dynamics

Answer

Governmental policies and their impact

Answer

Natural phenomena and scientific principles

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT considered a fundamental concept in sociology?

Accepted Answer

Instinct

Answer

Socialization

Answer

Culture

Answer

Social stratification

Question 26

The process through which individuals learn and internalize the norms, values, and beliefs of their society is known as:

Accepted Answer

Socialization

Answer

Acculturation

Answer

Assimilation

Answer

Integration

Question 27

Which sociological perspective places emphasis on the influence of social structure on individual behavior and societal outcomes?

Accepted Answer

Structural functionalism

Answer

Symbolic interactionism

Answer

Conflict theory

Answer

Feminist theory

Question 28

The idea that society is a complex system of interdependent parts that work together to maintain equilibrium is a key principle of:

Accepted Answer

Structural functionalism

Answer

Symbolic interactionism

Answer

Conflict theory

Answer

Feminist theory

Question 29

Which research method involves observing and recording social behavior in its natural setting without direct intervention?

Accepted Answer

Participant observation

Answer

Survey research

Answer

Experimental research

Answer

Historical research

Question 30

The ethical principle that requires researchers to maintain the privacy and anonymity of their participants is known as:

Accepted Answer

Confidentiality

Answer

Informed consent

Answer

Anonymity

Answer

Objectivity

Question 31

What distinguishes sociological research from research conducted in other disciplines?

Accepted Answer

Sociological research endeavors to comprehend social phenomena within their societal context.

Answer

Sociological research solely focuses on micro-level analysis.

Answer

Sociological research exclusively employs qualitative methods.

Answer

Sociological research is entirely free from researcher bias.

Question 32

Who is widely acknowledged as the 'Father of Sociology'?

Accepted Answer

Auguste Comte

Answer

Emile Durkheim

Answer

Karl Marx

Answer

Max Weber

Question 33

What is the primary subject of sociological investigation?

Accepted Answer

Society and human behavior

Answer

Economic systems

Answer

Individual psychology

Answer

Animal behavior

Question 34

Which term describes the process by which individuals internalize the cultural norms and values of their society?

Accepted Answer

Socialization

Answer

Maturation

Answer

Development

Answer

Learning

Question 35

Which sociological perspective emphasizes the influence of societal structures on individual actions?

Accepted Answer

Structural functionalism

Answer

Conflict theory

Answer

Symbolic interactionism

Answer

Feminism

Question 36

Which characteristic is typically associated with pre-industrial societies?

Accepted Answer

High infant mortality rate

Answer

High literacy rates

Answer

Extensive urbanization

Answer

Advanced technology

Question 37

What is the academic discipline dedicated to the scientific study of society and human behavior called?

Accepted Answer

Sociology

Answer

Psychology

Answer

Anthropology

Answer

Political science

Question 38

What is the stage in sociological research where data is examined and interpreted to draw conclusions?

Accepted Answer

Data analysis

Answer

Hypothesis formation

Answer

Data collection

Answer

Theory building

Question 39

Which of the following most accurately defines sociology?

Accepted Answer

The scientific study of society, social interactions, and human behavior.

Answer

The study of individual minds and philosophical concepts.

Answer

The study of economic principles and legal frameworks.

Answer

The study of history and political systems.

Question 40

Which of the following is not a core concept in sociology?

Accepted Answer

Individualism

Answer

Socialization

Answer

Culture

Answer

Social structure

Question 41

Sociology is primarily classified as a:

Accepted Answer

Social science

Answer

Applied science

Answer

Natural science

Answer

Humanity

Question 42

Which of the following methods is commonly employed in sociological research?

Accepted Answer

Participant observation

Answer

Laboratory experiment

Answer

Meta-analysis

Answer

Controlled study

Question 43

The process by which individuals acquire the values, beliefs, and behaviors of their society is known as:

Accepted Answer

Socialization

Answer

Enculturation

Answer

Internalization

Answer

Acculturation

Question 44

Which sociological perspective emphasizes the influence of social structures on individual behavior and outcomes?

Accepted Answer

Structural functionalism

Answer

Feminist theory

Answer

Symbolic interactionism

Answer

Conflict theory

Question 45

A group of individuals who share a common culture, values, and geographical territory is known as a:

Accepted Answer

Society

Answer

Institution

Answer

Community

Answer

Culture

Question 46

Which of the following is a key concept in feminist sociology?

Accepted Answer

Patriarchy

Answer

Socialization

Answer

Alienation

Question 47

Which of the following best defines sociology?

Accepted Answer

The systematic study of human society and social interaction.

Answer

The analysis of political systems and government.

Answer

The study of individual behavior and psychology.

Question 48

What is the primary focus of sociological inquiry?

Accepted Answer

Understanding how social structures and interactions shape individual lives.

Answer

Explaining the biological basis of human behavior.

Answer

Predicting future events and trends.

Question 49

Which of the following is NOT a key concept in sociology?

Accepted Answer

Genetic predisposition

Answer

Social stratification

Answer

Socialization

Answer

Culture

Question 50

Who is considered the 'father of sociology'?

Accepted Answer

Auguste Comte

Answer

Max Weber

Answer

Karl Marx

Answer

Emile Durkheim

Question 51

What is the difference between microsociology and macrosociology?

Accepted Answer

Microsociology focuses on small-scale interactions, while macrosociology examines large-scale social structures.

Answer

Microsociology studies individual behavior, while macrosociology analyzes collective behavior.

Question 52

How does sociology differ from common sense?

Accepted Answer

Sociology uses systematic research and analysis to understand social phenomena.

Answer

Sociology focuses on individual behavior, while common sense focuses on social behavior.

Answer

Sociology is based on personal experiences, while common sense is based on observation.

Question 53

Which of the following is a key sociological concept that helps explain the unequal distribution of power and resources in society?

Accepted Answer

Social stratification

Answer

Socialization

Answer

Social control

Answer

Culture