Neurons and Neurotransmission: Interactive Learning Quizzes for Anatomy and Physiology for Sport

Question 1

Which of the following is the basic structural and functional unit of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Neuron

Answer

Synapse

Answer

Glial cell

Answer

Ganglion

Question 2

What is the primary method by which neurotransmission occurs in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Chemical

Answer

Electrical

Answer

Mechanical

Answer

Hydraulic

Question 3

Which neuronal structure is primarily responsible for receiving signals from other neurons?

Accepted Answer

Dendrite

Answer

Soma

Answer

Axon

Answer

Myelin sheath

Question 4

Which neurotransmitter is associated with feelings of reward, motivation, and pleasure?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Answer

GABA

Answer

Adrenaline

Answer

Epinephrine

Question 5

What term describes the resting electrical state of a neuron, characterized by a negative charge inside relative to outside?

Accepted Answer

Polarization

Answer

Depolarization

Answer

Hyperpolarization

Answer

Repolarization

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a factor that influences the release of neurotransmitters from the presynaptic neuron?

Accepted Answer

Postsynaptic neurotransmitter concentration

Answer

Presynaptic calcium concentration

Answer

Voltage-gated ion channels

Answer

G-protein coupled receptors

Question 7

What is the primary function of neuroglial cells in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Providing support, protection, and nourishment to neurons

Answer

Transmitting nerve impulses

Answer

Releasing neurotransmitters

Answer

Generating action potentials

Question 8

What is the primary function of neurotransmitters in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

To stimulate or inhibit target cells

Answer

To convey electrical signals between neurons

Answer

To regulate blood flow

Answer

To protect the brain from damage

Question 9

Which of the following neurotransmitters is known for its inhibitory effects?

Accepted Answer

GABA

Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Question 10

What is the typical resting potential of a neuron?

Accepted Answer

-70 mV

Answer

0 mV

Answer

-60 mV

Answer

-80 mV

Question 11

What event initiates an action potential in a neuron?

Accepted Answer

Depolarization of the neuron

Answer

Hyperpolarization of the neuron

Answer

Opening of voltage-gated potassium channels

Answer

Outflow of sodium ions

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a type of neuroglia in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Neurons

Answer

Astrocytes

Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Answer

Schwann cells

Question 13

What is the main purpose of the myelin sheath that surrounds some axons?

Accepted Answer

To insulate axons and enhance signal transmission speed

Answer

To protect neurons from mechanical damage

Answer

To release neurotransmitters

Answer

To transmit electrical signals between neurons

Question 14

Which part of the neuron primarily receives signals from other neurons?

Accepted Answer

Dendrite

Answer

Axon

Answer

Soma

Answer

Myelin sheath

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Digestion of food

Answer

Coordination of bodily activities

Answer

Processing of sensory information

Answer

Regulation of body temperature

Question 16

Which part of a neuron receives stimuli from the environment?

Accepted Answer

Dendrites

Answer

Cell body

Answer

Axon

Answer

Myelin sheath

Question 17

Which neurotransmitter is primarily responsible for stimulating muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

GABA

Question 18

What is the function of the myelin sheath that surrounds some neurons?

Accepted Answer

To increase the speed of nerve impulse conduction

Answer

To prevent the loss of electrical signals

Answer

To protect the axon from damage

Answer

To release neurotransmitters

Question 19

Which of the following diseases is characterized by the loss of myelin in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Multiple sclerosis

Answer

Parkinson's disease

Answer

Alzheimer's disease

Answer

Huntington's disease

Question 20

What is the primary function of the parasympathetic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

To prepare the body for rest and conservation of energy

Answer

To prepare the body for physical activity and increased energy expenditure

Answer

To control involuntary functions

Answer

To regulate body temperature

Question 21

What is the role of ion channels in nerve impulse conduction?

Accepted Answer

To regulate the flow of ions across the neuronal membrane

Answer

To generate the electrical signal

Answer

To release neurotransmitters

Answer

To maintain the resting membrane potential

Question 22

Which of the following is NOT a neuroglial cell?

Accepted Answer

Neuron

Answer

Microglia

Answer

Astrocyte

Answer

Oligodendrocyte

Question 23

What is the primary function of the myelin sheath?

Accepted Answer

Insulates the axon and increases impulse transmission speed

Answer

Produces neurotransmitters

Answer

Protects the axon from damage

Question 24

Which ion plays a crucial role in establishing the resting membrane potential of a neuron?

Accepted Answer

Potassium

Answer

Chloride

Answer

Calcium

Answer

Sodium

Question 25

Define the threshold potential.

Accepted Answer

The minimum membrane potential at which an action potential is triggered

Answer

The maximum membrane potential at which an action potential is triggered

Answer

The membrane potential at which the neuron is most polarized

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT classified as a neurotransmitter?

Accepted Answer

Hormone

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 27

What is the primary function of a synapse?

Accepted Answer

To transmit signals from one neuron to another

Answer

To store neurotransmitters

Answer

To generate action potentials

Answer

To regulate the flow of ions across the neuronal membrane

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT a form of synaptic plasticity?

Accepted Answer

Habituation

Answer

Short-term potentiation

Answer

Long-term depression

Answer

Long-term potentiation

Question 29

What is the primary function of the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

To process information and control body activities

Answer

To coordinate movement and balance

Answer

To sense the environment and respond to stimuli