Hydration and Fluid Balance: A Vital Aspect of Sport Performance

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a result of dehydration?

Accepted Answer

Enhanced cognitive function

Answer

Reduced blood volume

Answer

Impaired body temperature regulation

Answer

Increased heart rate

Question 2

To maintain optimal hydration status during exercise, which step is essential?

Accepted Answer

Consuming adequate fluids before, during, and after exercise

Answer

Ignoring thirst cues and continuing to exercise

Answer

Waiting until you feel extremely thirsty before drinking

Answer

Drinking only water during exercise

Question 3

Dehydration occurs when:

Accepted Answer

Fluid loss exceeds fluid intake

Answer

Fluid intake exceeds fluid loss

Answer

Fluid intake and fluid loss are equal

Answer

Electrolyte levels are abnormal

Question 4

The hormone primarily responsible for regulating fluid balance is:

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Answer

Aldosterone

Answer

Renin

Answer

Insulin

Question 5

Oral rehydration solutions (ORS) are used primarily to:

Accepted Answer

Replace lost fluids

Answer

Correct electrolyte imbalances

Answer

Prevent dehydration

Answer

Increase energy levels

Question 6

Hypernatremia is a condition characterized by:

Accepted Answer

Excess sodium in the body

Answer

Inadequate water intake

Answer

Excessive fluid loss

Answer

Normal electrolyte levels

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a function of water in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Provides energy as a high-calorie source

Answer

Regulates body temperature

Answer

Lubricates joints and tissues

Answer

Transports nutrients and hormones

Question 8

Dehydration occurs when the body loses more:

Accepted Answer

Water than electrolytes

Answer

Electrolytes than water

Answer

Water and electrolytes in equal proportions

Answer

Water as sweat but retains electrolytes

Question 9

What is the primary hormone responsible for regulating fluid balance in the body?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which controls water reabsorption in the kidneys

Answer

Aldosterone, which regulates blood pressure

Answer

Insulin, which regulates blood sugar levels

Answer

Thyroid hormone, which controls metabolism

Question 10

What is the approximate daily fluid intake recommended for adults in moderate climates?

Accepted Answer

2-3 litres, approximately 8-10 glasses of fluid per day

Answer

1-2 litres, depending on activity level and individual needs

Answer

3-4 litres, especially for athletes or individuals in hot environments

Answer

4-5 litres, as the body needs a large amount of fluids to function properly

Question 11

What is the term for the process by which the kidneys conserve water by reabsorbing it from urine?

Accepted Answer

Reabsorption, the process of returning filtered substances to the blood

Answer

Filtration, the initial step in urine formation

Answer

Secretion, the process of removing substances from the blood into the urine

Answer

Excretion, the final step in urine formation

Question 12

Which of the following is a potential consequence of chronic dehydration?

Accepted Answer

All of the above, highlighting the severe effects of long-term dehydration

Answer

Kidney stones due to concentrated urine

Answer

Urinary tract infections due to reduced urine flow

Answer

Constipation due to dry stools

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a factor influencing fluid balance regulation?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

Answer

Antidiuretic hormone

Answer

Sympathetic nervous system

Question 14

Which electrolyte is primarily lost through sweat during exercise?

Accepted Answer

Sodium

Answer

Potassium

Answer

Calcium

Answer

Magnesium

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a recommended method for assessing hydration status?

Accepted Answer

Heart rate monitoring

Answer

Urine color chart

Answer

Body weight monitoring

Answer

Blood osmolality test

Question 16

What is the primary function of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

Accepted Answer

To decrease urine production

Answer

To increase urine production

Answer

To regulate blood sodium levels

Answer

To stimulate thirst

Question 17

Which of the following is a characteristic of hyponatremia?

Accepted Answer

Low blood sodium levels

Answer

High blood sodium levels

Answer

Excessive thirst

Answer

Dark urine

Question 18

What is the recommended fluid intake for athletes during exercise?

Accepted Answer

150-250 mL every 15-20 minutes

Answer

500-1000 mL every 30 minutes

Answer

As much as the athlete can tolerate

Answer

No fluid intake is recommended

Question 19

Which of the following is the primary factor that determines how much fluid a person loses during exercise?

Accepted Answer

Sweat rate

Answer

Exercise intensity

Answer

Environmental temperature

Answer

Duration of exercise

Question 20

Which of the following is an early sign of dehydration?

Accepted Answer

Thirst and dry mouth

Answer

Headache

Answer

Rapid heart rate

Answer

Seizures

Question 21

What is the recommended fluid intake for athletes during exercise?

Accepted Answer

150-250ml every 15-20 minutes

Answer

As much fluid as possible during exercise

Answer

No fluid intake during exercise

Answer

500-1000ml every 30-60 minutes

Question 22

Which of the following is a benefit of optimal hydration for athletes?

Accepted Answer

Improved performance and recovery

Answer

Increased appetite

Answer

Reduced risk of injury

Answer

Enhanced sleep quality

Question 23

What is the role of electrolytes in hydration?

Accepted Answer

They help maintain fluid balance and muscle function

Answer

They enhance oxygen delivery to muscles

Answer

They provide energy for exercise

Question 24

Which of the following is a risk factor for dehydration in athletes?

Accepted Answer

Hot and humid conditions

Answer

Cold and dry conditions

Answer

Good nutritional status

Answer

Exercise at low intensity

Question 25

What is the recommended fluid intake for athletes after exercise?

Accepted Answer

150-250ml for every 0.5kg of body weight lost during exercise

Answer

As much fluid as possible

Answer

No fluid intake until the next day

Question 26

Which of the following is a potential consequence of severe dehydration?

Accepted Answer

Heatstroke and organ failure

Answer

Increased endurance

Answer

Improved cognitive function

Question 27

What is the most reliable method for monitoring hydration status in athletes?

Accepted Answer

Urine color and specific gravity

Answer

Subjective thirst sensation

Answer

Heart rate and blood pressure